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Announcements

Announcements. Tonight: HW #2 (IRB certificate) due at 11:59pm. Tomorrow: Project proposal: part 3 due at 11:59pm. Read (‘07) all of Ch 3 except omit 3.3.2 and 3.3.3. Cognition: Memory. CS352. Cognition. What goes on in our heads when we carry out activities (eg, use UIs)? Book:

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Tonight: HW #2 (IRB certificate) due at 11:59pm. • Tomorrow: Project proposal: part 3 due at 11:59pm. • Read (‘07) all of Ch 3 except omit 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.

  2. Cognition:Memory CS352

  3. Cognition • What goes on in our heads when we carry out activities (eg, use UIs)? • Book: • attention, perception, memory, learning, speaking/reading/listening, problem-solving/reasoning

  4. Memory • Number activity: try to remember a list of numbers…

  5. Memory (cont) • Chunking • UIs use this.

  6. Memory (cont) • Number activity

  7. Memory (cont.) • Number activity: try to remember a list of numbers…

  8. Structure of memory • Short term memory (STM) • a.k.a primary or active memory • Order of seconds • 7+2 items • Long term memory (LTM) • Everything else. • Mostly when we say “memory”, we mean LTM. • Unlimited capacity

  9. Recognition and Recall • Money activity #1 • GUI strength: emphasize recognition over recall. • But usually slowed down by need for visual scan in GUIs.

  10. Which is the real penny? http://www.dcity.org/braingames/pennies/coinBW.gif

  11. People storing/retrieving knowledge • Declarative knowledge • Includes facts and events E.g., NYC is north of Miami. E.g., four people brought a laptop to the lecture E.g., To get key out of ignition, car must be in “park”. • Easy to teach. • Procedural knowledge • For how to do things E.g., How to spin a basketball on 1 finger • Best taught by demo, learned by practice.

  12. Encoding and (lack of) precision • How we encode affects • what we retrieve (recall or recognize) and • how we retrieve • Money activity #2

  13. Which is the penny? http://mypages.iit.edu/~smart/cesashi/usmoney.jpg

  14. Ways to encode (and constraints) • Appearance attributes • Sound • Rhythm • Rhyme.

  15. Encoding (cont.) • Retrieval • E.g., cross words puzzles • So, reduce and/or facilitate encoding: • Constraints reduce encoding needed. • Support external cognition (stay tuned) to remove need to encode. • eg: Excel’s arrows make dependencies explicit. • Provide users a variety of ways to encode (eg, color, flagging, position). • eg: forgot filename, but it’s the red folder.

  16. Case study • The Microsoft Office (past) rearranging of menus due to recency. • Think about chunking/grouping • Think about imprecision of encoding. • What will do if don’t see what you want? • Does this mean “most recent” is always a bad idea in a UI?

  17. Encoding (cont.) • Different amount of encoding needed for: • Remembering a bunch of arbitrary things. • Remembering things with meaningful relationships. • Hotel is on north side of town. • “Remembering” things that can be derived. • Tied to “mental models” (stay tuned).

  18. Implications for your Project • Think about user’s memory a lot. • Quiz system content eg: have I used a question much like this on an earlier quiz? • Quiz system UI mechanismeg: how do I print out the answer key to the quiz? • Your project examples? • How can UI help user remember (store/retrieve) here? • Think about: recog/recall, practice, chunking, declarative vs. procedural, encoding, constraints

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