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Muscular System

Muscular System. This is what happens without muscles. “The power system”. #One Function. Responsible for all body movement. #Two Function. Responsible for body form and shape (Posture). Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature. #Three Function. Test Your Gray Matter….

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System This is what happens without muscles “The power system”

  2. #One Function Responsible for all body movement.

  3. #Two Function Responsible for body form and shape (Posture)

  4. Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature. #Three Function

  5. Test Your Gray Matter…. • Muscles are responsible for producing most of our : White blood cells, Hormones, Protein synthesis, or Body Heat.

  6. Types of Muscles

  7. Skeletal Muscles • Attached to bone • Striated (striped) appearance • Voluntary • Sarcolemma = cell membrane • Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for a long period of time

  8. Test your skeletal muscles… • Open and close your dominant hand until the teacher tells you to stop.

  9. Smooth Muscle • Visceral (organ) muscle • Found in the walls of digestive system, uterus, and blood vessels • Cells small and spindle shaped • Involuntary – ANS Controlled • Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for a long time.

  10. Cardiac Muscle • Found in heart • Striated and branched • Involuntary • Cells are fused, when one contracts, they all contract (HB)

  11. Test your gray matter..

  12. Sphincter • Special circular muscles in openings of esophagus and stomach, and small intestine, anus, urethra and mouth • AKA: dilator muscles

  13. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

  14. Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity The ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its content or the space it surrounds. The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses. The ability to be stretched. Ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing. Muscle Characteristics

  15. Muscular system structures Connective tissue • Tendons dense bands that connect skeletal muscle to the bone 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  16. Structures of the muscular system Connective tissue • Fascia Fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  17. Sources of heat / energy For muscles to contract and do their work they need energy • ATP – adenosine triphosphate – a major source of energy found in the muscle cell. • When muscle is stimulated, ATP is released, which produces heat and energy to contract muscle. • Lactic acid – a by-product of cell metabolism

  18. Muscle Movement Muscle moves bones by pulling on them. As a muscle contracts, it pulls the Insertion one closer to the Origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion. Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.

  19. Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single movement muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement Prime mover

  20. Antagonist muscle whose actions oppose the action of prime mover in any given movement.

  21. Synergist helps steady a movement and stabilize joint activity.

  22. When the antagonist muscles contract, they produce a movement opposite to that of the prime movers. Motor Unit – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates. Neuromuscular Junction – the junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane.

  23. Acetylcholine Fatigue Oxygen Debt Muscle chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft) caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose.

  24. Movement: Skeletal Muscle • Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. • The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

  25. Movement: Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

  26. Exercise and training • Will affect the size, structure and strength of a muscle. • If injured, muscles can only regenerate a limited degree. • If severe injury, muscle tissue may be replaced with scar (connective) tissue.

  27. Benefits of exercising • Improved muscle coordination • Improved respiratory and circulatory system to supply needs of an active muscular system • Eliminate or reduce excessive fat. • Improve joint movement. • Increase muscle size

  28. Atrophy vs hypertrophy • Atrophy –wasting away of a muscle • Hypertrophy – growth of a muscle due to repetitive usage

  29. Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. • What happened? • How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

  30. Head & Neck Muscles 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  31. Torso/Trunk(anterior) 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  32. Torso/Trunk(anterior) 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  33. Torso/Trunk(posterior) 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  34. Upper extremities 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  35. Lower extremities 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

  36. Musculoskeletal disorders - Strain • a tear of the muscle resulting from excessive use • Pain and swelling occur due to bleeding in the muscle • Ice packs will help reduce swelling and stop bleeding • Rest and OTC medicines also help.

  37. Muscle spasm • a sustained contraction of the muscle. Occurs from over usage.

  38. Myalgia • muscle pain

  39. Fibromyalgia • chronic disease that includes muscle pain lasting for 3 or more months • S/S: HA, fatigue, numbness, tingling, and joint pain • Tx – rest, exercise, medicines, chiropractic services, and massage.

  40. Movement:Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

  41. Hernia • occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle. • Abdominal • Inguinal • Hiatal – occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm.

  42. Tetanus (lockjaw) • infectious disease that causes continuous spasms of the voluntary muscles • Caused by toxin from the bacillus: clostridium tetani • enters the body through a wound • Can be prevented by vaccine.

  43. Muscular dystrophy • muscle cells deteriorate • most common is Duchenne’s MD:usually genetic defect • Usually death occurs in late teens or early 20’s.

  44. Myasthenia gravis • muscle weakness and paralysis • cause unknown: possible immune system defect.

  45. TENDONITIS • inflammation of a tendon

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