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NAME REACTIONS. PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P KV GANESHKHIND PUNE. ALDOL CONDENSATION. When two molecules of aldehydes of ketones containing α-hydrogen on reaction with dil NaOH undergo condensation To form β-hydroxyaldehydes of ketones. CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION.
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NAMEREACTIONS PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P KV GANESHKHIND PUNE
When two molecules of aldehydes of ketones containing α-hydrogen on reaction with dil NaOH undergo condensation To form β-hydroxyaldehydes of ketones.
Aldol condensation of a mixture of two different aldehydes Or ketones ,each containing an α-hydrogen gives a mixture of Four products.
When a primary amine(aliphatic or aromatic ) is heated with Chloroform and alcoholic KOH ,it forms an isocyanide or Carbylamine having offensive smell.
Aldehydes not containing an α-hydrogen atom,when treated With conc. Alkali ,then one molecule gives an alcohol and Another molecule gives corresponding carboxylic acid salt.
When diazonium salt react with phenol or aromatic amine To give azo compounds.The coupling with phenol takes place In mild alkaline medium.while in case of amines it occurs in Acidic medium.
When aldehyde of ketone reduce with amalgamated zinc And conc. HCl gives corresponding alkane.
When a cold solution of primary aromatic amine is treated With cold solution of nitrous acid in the presence of Dil.mineral acid at 273-278 K arene diazonium salts are Formed.
When toluene react with chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) In CCl4 or CS2 to give benzaldehyde is called Etards reaction
Alkyl iodide is prepared by the reaction of alkyl chloride/ Bromide with NaI in dry acetone.
When aryl halide treated with sodium in dry ether then Aryl halide give biphenyl or diphenyl.
Aromatic compounds like benzene,chorobenzene, Toluene etc react with alkyl halide,acid chloride and Anhydride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to form Electrophilic substitution products.
Phthalilmide is converted into patassium salt by treating with Alc KOH,then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkyl Phthalimide which is hydrolysed to phthalic acid and a primary Amine by heating with HCl or KOH.
When a mixture of CO and HCl gas is passed through Benzene at 323 K in presence of a catalyst consisting of Anhydrous AlCl3 and a small amount of CuCl,benzaldehyde Is formed.
In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with Copper powder and a hologen acid to form aryl halide.
Aliphatic carboxylic acids containing α-hydrogen when reacts With Cl2 of Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus gives α-halo Acids .this reaction is called H V Z reaction.
HOFFMANN BROMAMIDE OR HOFFMANN DEGRADATION OFAMIDES
The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing One carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of Br2 in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffmann Bromamide reaction.
All compounds containing the group CH3CH2OH, CH3COCH3 when treated with halogen and excess of alkali Forms haloform.
Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure(4-7 atm) At 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification With HCl gives salicylic acid.
The reduction of alkyl and aryl cyanides to primary amines With nascent hydrogen is known as Mendius reaction.
Phenol when reacts with chloroform in the presence of Aq.sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis Produces 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde.(salicylaldehyde)
Catalytic reduction of acid chloride to the corresponding Aldehydes is called Rosenmund reduction.
Benzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl CuBr/HBr,CuCN/KCN produce chlorobenzene,bromo Benzene,benzonitrile respectively.
Alkyl or aryl cyanides reduce to the corresponding aldehydes With a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether, Saturated with HCl at room temperature followed By hydrolysis.
The synthesis of alkyl flouride is best accompanied by Heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a Metallic Flouride such as AgF,Hg2F2,CoF2 or SbF3.
