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Cognitive development

Cognitive development. Piaget. Jean Piaget. Wanted to know how children use intelligence Observed his own three children Came up with a stage approach Every stage approach has 3 assumptions Stages must be in order and each must build on the previous

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Cognitive development

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  1. Cognitive development Piaget

  2. Jean Piaget • Wanted to know how children use intelligence • Observed his own three children • Came up with a stage approach • Every stage approach has 3 assumptions • Stages must be in order and each must build on the previous • Progression is closely liked to ages changes • Stage progression is sign posted by major steps and changes Piaget video

  3. Jean Piaget • Cognitive development occurs as we adapt to the changing world around us • He described this development as ADAPTATION • The continuous process of using the environment to learn and learning to adjust to changes in the environment • Adaptation occurs though 2 closely related process Assimilation and Accomodation

  4. Assimilation • Process of taking new information and fitting it into already existing categories and mental idea of things • The infant uses pre existing information it has to work out what a new object is and how to use it. Adaptation video

  5. What is this? Playing with the hammer then the wrench Give 2 of your own examples of Assimilation

  6. Accommodation • refers to changing an existing mental idea in order to fit new information. • More advanced then assimilation • Involves restructuring mental ideas, so it can accommodate for the new stimulus. • This done by either creating new schema or changing the existing idea of what old schema is

  7. The spanner is now used to turn things ✓

  8. Piaget’s four stages of development

  9. Stage 1: Sensorymotor • 0-2 Years • Coordinating sensory input with motor actions

  10. Object permanence • Understanding that objects still exist even after our senses can no longer detect them. • Happens gradually and may not be fully acquired until 18 months Object permanence video

  11. Test for object permanence

  12. Goal Directed Behaviour • Behaviourwhich is carried out with a particular purpose in mind. • They begin to work out how to obtain things they want • Eg. the infant learns to reach objects on a table by pulling themselves up at the side of the table. Goal Directed behaviour video

  13. Stage 2: Preoperational • Age 2 - 7 Years Old • Have a greater ability to imagine things and represent things in their mind

  14. Symbolic thinking • The ability to use symbols such as words or pictures to represent object, places or events • This is evident as they begin to pretend play more often. eg using a stick as a sword or telephone.

  15. Egocentrism • An inability to see things from another persons perspective. • ★Christmas Presents • ★Brothers and sisters • Over this period children become decentered and they develop the ability to things from another’s perspective Egocentrism Video

  16. Conservation • Even though the shape of an object may be changed the total amount remains the same. • Children at the preoperational stage do not understand this Conservation Video

  17. Centration • The tendency to focus on only one aspect of an object or problem at a time while neglecting the other aspects Centration Video

  18. Stage 2 Test

  19. Stage 3: Concrete Operational • Age 7 – 12 • Children can figure our relationships between objects provided the objects are physically present.

  20. Reversibility • Children can mentally undo their activities. • Ability to trace a subject back to its original roots • The juice in a cup activity • Elephants have big ears, Your teacher has big ears therefore your teacher is an elephant Reversibility video

  21. Decentration • A child can focus on more than one object at once.

  22. Hierarchical classification • New problem solving capacity • Requires materials to be classified into different classes

  23. Stage 3: Test

  24. Stage 4: Formal Operational • Age: 12 Years old and over • Can think about and solve abstract problems in a logical manner • Many people never reach this level. • Many people struggle with these concepts and often resort to concrete thinking when things get too abstract.

  25. Abstract • a way of thinking that does not rely on being able to see or visualize things in order to understand concepts • What is honesty? • What is love? • Does God exist? • Why do we ethics? • What is good and bad?

  26. Logical Thinking • they are able todevelop strategies to solve problems, identify a range of possible solutions to problems, develop hypotheses (predictions and explanations) and systematically test solutions. • Deductive reasoning is another name for this Deductive Reasoning Video

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