Chapter 6 The New Republic 1789-1816

1. Chapter 6The New Republic1789-1816

2. Chapter Focus Question:How did the United States build a government, expand its territory, and conduct foreign policy in its early years?

3. Government and Party Politics Building the government • Washington as president • The Judiciary • Judiciary Act of 1789: system of courts and 6-member Supreme Court • John Jay: 1st chief justice of Supreme Court • The Cabinet Hamilton’s Plans: • State-Thomas Jefferson • Treasury-Alexander Hamilton • War-Henry Knox • Attorney General-Edmund Randolph • Commercial, industrial economy • Strong army and navy • Federal government assumes state debts • Government bonds • Impose excise taxes/tariffs • National bank & currency Get it?

4. Opposing Hamilton • Opposition in the south • Strict (Jefferson) v. loose interpretation (Hamilton) • National capital in Washington, D.C. • Whiskey Rebellion: reflected growing power of national government/division in politics

5. Two-Party System Emerges

6. The Struggle Over Foreign Policy • Ohio River Valley • Treaty of Greenville: Native Americans cede most of Ohio to U.S. • Europe • differing responses to French Revolution • Washington’s proclamation of neutrality during British/French war • Jay Treaty of 1794: British gave up forts on American soil, kept restrictions on American ships, pay prewar debts to British • Pinkney’s Treaty: guaranteed American free shipping rights on Mississippi River & access to New Orleans; established northern boundary of Spanish Florida • Washington’s Farewell Address • avoid “entangled alliances”

7. That’s gotta hurt… Election of 1800 • Jefferson wins • Burr kills Hamilton in duel • 1804: Constitution amended to require electors to vote separately for President and Vice President Parties Debate Foreign Policy • Adams and the XYZ Affair • Alien & Sedition Acts: authorized president to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government (Alien Act); made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government (Sedition Act) • Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions: declared Sedition Act unconstitutional

8. The Age of Jefferson • The Revolution of 1800 • Jefferson makes changes: • Hated taxes • Streamlined the bureaucracy • Common style versus aristocratic wealth John Marshall and the Supreme Court -4 part legacy: 1. power to review the acts of Congress/President and determine constitutionality (judicial review) *Marbury v. Madison (oh my god this is important) 2. federal laws superior to state laws 3. broad interpretation of Constitution…why? 4. limited state governments from interfering with business

9. You are here

10. The War of 1812 • 1909: embargo replaced with N0nintercourse Act: U.S. would resume trade with whichever of those countries that lifted their restrictions on American shipping • War Hawks : demanded war; denounced impressment of American sailors and British support for Native Americans • Madison declared war in June of 1812--timeline -invasion of Canada fails -defeat of Native Americans & Andrew Jackson -the British invasion (not the Beatles) at Washington, D.C., New Orleans, New York, and Maine -burning of White House & Capitol -Francis Scott Key writes Star Spangled Banner

11. War’s Aftermath and Effects 1. Treaty of Ghent: ended the War of 1812 2. Hartford Convention: signaled end of Federalist Party after (New England states) considered session and making a separate peace with Great Britain 3. Surge in nationalism throughout country 4. Native Americans resistance ended east of Mississippi 5. Americans eventually gain access to Florida ‘MURICA