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Early Indian History

Early Indian History. Indus River Valley Civilization Vedic (Indo-Aryan) Civilization. Indus River Valley Civilization – 2000 BCE. Indus River Valley. The Indus River Silt-enriched water from mountains Cultivated cotton before 5000 BCE. Writing . Good News Literate culture Bad News

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Early Indian History

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  1. Early Indian History Indus River Valley Civilization Vedic (Indo-Aryan) Civilization

  2. Indus River Valley Civilization – 2000 BCE

  3. Indus River Valley • The Indus River • Silt-enriched water from mountains • Cultivated cotton before 5000 BCE

  4. Writing • Good News • Literate culture • Bad News • We can’t read it • Writing on bricks • Similar to cuneiform

  5. Reasonable Generalizations • Developed rapidly • Existed with Egypt and Mesopotamia • Developed agriculture • Domesticated animals • Changed from village to city life

  6. Mohenjo-Daro Ruins • Population roughly 40,000 • Regional center • Layout and architecture suggests well-developed government • Broad streets, citadel, pool, sewage system • Specialized labor (Artisans) • Trade (Merchants)

  7. Mohenjo-Daro : Aerial view

  8. Citadel

  9. The Great Bath

  10. Well

  11. Granary

  12. Torso Mohenjo-Daro Third millennium BCE

  13. The Aryan Invasion • Aryans, lighter-skinned invaders from the north • Not to be confused with Hitler’s “Aryans” • These Aryans spoke a dialect, related to Greek and Latin

  14. The Aryans Fond of: • Fighting • Drinking • Chariot racing • Gambling • Chasing women • Bragging about their spears • A psychedelic drug called soma • Caste system • Polytheistic • Basis for Hinduism

  15. The Vedas • “Knowledge” • Sanskrit • Sacred, oral poetry • Rituals/Sacrifice • Many Gods

  16. Sacred Texts • Rig Veda • 1028 hymns to Gods • Upanishads • Epic, mystical poems • Right & Wrong • Two Great Epics • Mahabharata • Ramayana

  17. Vedic CivilizationSocial Status of Women • Equal access to learning • Right to speak in public • Right to inherit property

  18. Vedic CivilizationSocial Status of Women • Marriage was the main institution • Patriarchal family structure • Could choose husband • Emphasis on reproduction

  19. Vedic CivilizationSocial Status of Women • Eventually social status declined: • Organized state • Caste system • Women barred from religious ritual

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