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Lecture 1 Distributed Computing Overview

Lecture 1 Distributed Computing Overview. Introduction. What is computer In 1984, John Gage of Sun Microsystems created the slogan, “ The network is the computer .” In 2008, David Patterson of UC Berkeley said, “ The data center is the computer ”.

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Lecture 1 Distributed Computing Overview

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  1. Lecture 1 Distributed Computing Overview

  2. Introduction • What is computer • In 1984, John Gage of Sun Microsystems created the slogan, “The network is the computer.” • In 2008, David Patterson of UC Berkeley said, “The data center is the computer”. • Recently, RajkumarBuyya of Melbourne University simply said: “The cloud is the computer.”

  3. The modern computer system is a distributed system. • Why modern computer system must be a distributed system? • High Performance Computing (HPC) • High Throughput Computing (HTC)

  4. What is Distributed System • Distributed computing systems are built over a large number of autonomous computer nodes. These node machines are interconnected by SANs, LANs, or WANs in a hierarchical manner.

  5. Classification of Distributed Computing Systems

  6. Clusters of Computers • A computing cluster consists of interconnected stand-alone computers which work cooperatively as a single integrated computing resource. • In the past, clustered computer systems have demonstrated impressive results in handling heavy workloads with large data sets.

  7. Cluster Architecture

  8. Single System Image • A cluster should merge multiple system images into a single-system image (SSI). • An SSI is an illusion created by software or hardware that presents a collection of resources as one integrated, powerful resource. • Some cluster middleware is needed to support SSI at various levels, including the sharing of CPUs, memory, and I/O across all cluster nodes.

  9. Grid Computing System • Grid computing is the federation of computer clusters (especially supercomputers) from multiple locations. • The purpose of grid computing is to provide massive computing powers in the same way as electric utility power grid providing electric power. • The benefits of grid computing • More users can use supercomputing powers • Massive computing powers can be applied to solve very complex problems.

  10. An example of computing grid – TeraGrid • The US National Science Foundation (NSF) issued a solicitation asking for a "distributed terascalefacility“, which aims to making available supercomputers to the nation's scientific research community.

  11. Images from https://engineering.purdue.edu/Engr/AboutUs/News/Publications/EngEdge/2004/TeraGridSupercomputerNetworks

  12. Peer-to-Peer Networks • The P2P architecture offers a distributed model of networked systems. • Every node acts as both a client and a server, providing part of the system resources. • All machines act autonomously to join or leave the system freely • P2P system uses distributed control (no master-slave relationship exists among the peers).

  13. P2P Architecture

  14. P2P Families

  15. Cloud Computing • Definition by NIST Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of conifgurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

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