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Buerau of Indian Education

A listing of credible site into the History and ways BIE has helped NM.

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Buerau of Indian Education

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  1. Dorianne Apachito Spring 2018 HIST-260-501 Bureau of Indian Education

  2. What is the Impact of the BIE in New Mexico? • I will be looking at the history and background of the BIE as well as why. • What was the intention of the BIE and who helped make BIE happen.

  3. “Office of Elementary and Secondary Education” https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oese/oie/history.html Author: U.S. Department of Education Summary: This website lists a brief history of when the government decided to step in and create the BIE. They acknowledge the need for the Education of American Indians and the obligation that government has to help fund the schools. Quote: • “It recognizes that American Indians have unique, educational and culturally related academic needs and distinct language and cultural needs;” • “It is the only comprehensive Federal Indian Education legislation, that deals with American Indian education from pre-school to graduate-level education and reflects the diversity of government involvement in Indian education; Evaluation of Source: This is a credible site because it is a government website of the US Dept. of Education.

  4. John Collier Facts • http://biography.yourdictionary.com/john-collier • Author: Encyclopedia of World Biography. • Summary: This site have a bibliography of John Collier. He soon beame the Executive secretary of the Indian Defense Association. He understood the need for the BIE after spending time in New Mexico. It also concludes his beliefs and achievements as an activitst for the American Indians. He had understanding that the Native Heritage needed to be preserved. “Collier resigned from his post in 1945 after serving longer than any previous Indian commissioner. Throughout his tenure he was known for his vigorous defense of American Indian rights and culture.” • Quote: “A lifelong proponent of social reform, John Collier first became involved in the fight to preserve American Indian culture in the early 1920s, after spending time among the Pueblo of New Mexico. His work led to his appointment as commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1933. In this position he played a vital role in reshaping federal policy toward Indians, primarily through the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. Rather than forcing Indians to assimilate, the new policy encouraged self-sufficiency among tribes and provided them with the land rights, religious and educational freedom, and organization to achieve it.” • Evaluation of Sources: This is a bibliography that states facts and does not have any personal opinions.

  5. “Johnson-O’Malley https://www.bie.edu/JOM/ • Author: Bureau of Indian Education • Summary: Johnson-O’Malley is a program implemented in Schools in New Mexico with Native American students. They help in funding and making sure the education needs rights and taken care of and not neglected. • Quote: “This local program is operated under an educational plan, approved by the BIE, which contains educational objectives to address the needs of the eligible American Indian and Alaska Native students. Johnson O’Malley programs offered to American Indian and Alaska Native students vary and may include such programs as culture, language, academics and dropout prevention.” • Evaluation of Sources; This is a credible source because it is a government site and a webpage within the BIE website.

  6. Bureau of Indian Education https://www.bie.edu/Jobs/byState/NM/ • Summary: This webpage just basically lists the different schools in New Mexico that are either fully operated by the Bureau of Indian Education and schools that “are funded by the Bureau of Indian Education, and are operated by the tribe or tribal government via a contract or grant”. There are a total of 44 schools, one of them a Post Secondary School (SIPI). This just goes to show the effect and need for the Bureau of Indian Education in New Mexico. • Quote: “Doing What‘s Best for Students!” • Evaluation of Source: This is an actual website for the BIE

  7. “The Department of Everything Else” https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/utley-mackintosh/interior11.htm • Author: Robert M. Utley and Barry Mackintosh • Summary: A brief History into how an why the BIE was created. This site also lea me to know John Collier who played a big part in understand that American Indians needed a different kind of education that help preserved their heritage and language. John Collier learn this through the time he spent in New Mexico. • Quote: “In 1967 the idea of transferring BIA to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was floated among Indian leaders. They opposed it, fearing a tendency to termination and doubting HEW's capacity to handle land problems and insure fulfillment of treaty rights. "Self-determination" became the federal policy under President Richard M. Nixon and was reconfirmed by President Ronald Reagan, under whom Interior sought to give tribes more control without terminating the government's historic trust responsibilities.” • Evaluation of Sources: This is online government website that gives a brief history.

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