Kinesiology Project:

1. Kinesiology Project: Back Tuck Bryan Beal, Casey Clarke, John Banuelos, and Robbie Breslin

3. Joints used in a Back Tuck • Ankle: synovial joint: plantar joint • Knee: synovial joint: hinge joint • Hip: synovial joint: ball-and-socket joint • Vertebrae: cartilaginous joint: symphysis • Shoulder: synovial joint: ball-and-socket joint • Elbow: synovial joint: hinge joint • Wrist: synovial joint: condyloid joint

4. Major Muscle’s used in a Back Tuck • Soleus • Gastroncnemius • Biceps femoris • Rectus femoris • Gluteus maximus • Latissimus dorsi • Rectus abdominis • Biceps brachii • Pectoralis major • Deltoid • Trapezius • Sternoclleidomastoid

5. Phase One: Beginning Stance Feet: neutral Knees: extension Hip: extension; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: all neutral Arms: abduction 5 degrees Elbows: flexion 165 degrees Shoulders: neutral Wrists: neutral

6. Phase Two: Prep Phase Feet: neutral Knees: extension Hips: extension; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: lumbar and thoracic in extension; cervical neutral Arms: abduction 160 degrees Shoulders: elevated Elbows: flexion 45 degrees Wrists: neutral

7. Phase Three: Build Up Phase Feet: neutral Knees: flexion 120 degrees Hips: flexion 90 degrees; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: lumbar and thoracic flexion; cervical neutral Shoulders: depression Arms: right arm slightly hyper extended and abduction 3 degrees; left arm in extension and abduction 5 degrees Elbows: right elbow flexion 175 degrees; left elbow flexion 170 degrees Wrists: extension

8. Phase Four: Acceleration Phase Feet: plantar flexion Knees: flexion 140 degrees Hips: extension 180 degrees; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: all extension Arms: right arm abduction 10 degrees; left arm abduction 5 degrees Elbows: right elbow flexion 120 degrees; left flexion 130 degrees Shoulders: elevated Wrist: neutral

9. Phase Five: Swing Phase Feet: neutral Knees: Flexion 45 degrees Hips: Flexion 45 degrees; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: Thoracic and lumbar flexion; cervical extension Arms: adduction Shoulder: neutral Elbows: Flexion 95 degrees Wrists: flexion

10. Phase Six: Deceleration Phase Feet: neutral Knees: flexion 110 degrees Hips: Flexion 45 degrees; abduction 5 degrees Vertebrae: thoracic and lumbar flexion; cervical neutral Arms: right arm abduction 80 degrees; left arm abduction 70 degrees Shoulders: right shoulder elevated; left shoulder neutral Elbows: flexion 90 degrees Wrists: neutral

11. Phase Seven: End Position Feet: neutral; left foot turned a little showing its medial aspect Knees: right knee extension; left knee flexion 150 degrees Hips: right hip extension; left hip flexion 160 degrees; abduction 10 degrees Vertebrae: neutral Arms: right arm abduction 3 degrees; left arm abduction 5 degrees Shoulders: right shoulder elevated; left shoulder neutral Elbows: Flexion 170 degrees Wrists: neutral

12. Injury: Slip Disc • Actually called “Spinal Disc Herniation” • It is when the inner gel substance of an interior vertebral disc budges out. • Mechanism of slip disc • Cause is general wear and tear; disc get old and dry • Job that requires a lot of sitting and/or a lot of lifting but using your back to lift instead of keeping back straight and using legs (lumbar disc). • Or if you already had a slight crack or tear and you fall hard directly on your butt. This can cause major force on vertebrae which can cause slip disc. • Cervical Disc (C4, C5, C6, C7 most common places) • Thoracic Disc (very rare) • Lumbar Disc (most common;btw 4th and 5th; 5th and sacrum)

13. Injury: Slip Disc • Signs and Symptoms • If the herniated disc presses on nerve roots it can cause pain numbness, and weakness in the area of the body where the nerves travel • The most common herniated disc is a lumbar disc which is the lower back. This can cause pain and numbness in the butt and down the leg this is called, Sciatica. • It is usually a continuous pain and usually only on one side of the body. • If there is little or no pain it is only a tissue injured and it is not pressuring a nerve, maybe a little backache.

14. Injury: Slip Disc • Initial Treatment of Slip Disc • Majority of herniated discs will heal themselves in six weeks and do no require surgery. • Do light activity, staying in bed for more than a day will weaken the muscles and make the problem worse. • Put heat and/or ice on for ten to fifteen minutes every two to three hours.

15. Injury: Slip Disc • Rehabilitation exercises and treatments for slip disc • First try pain killers with light exercise and stretching if that doesn’t work you can try different things like non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cortisone ejection, and physical therapy. • Many different surgery options (last resort):· Chemonucleolysis - dissolves the protruding disc • · IDET -a minimally invasive surgery for disc pain • · Discectomy/Microdiscectomy - to relieve nerve compression • · Tessys method - a transforaminal endoscopic method to remove herniated discs • · Laminectomy - to relieve spinal stenosis or nerve compression • · Hemilaminectomy - to relieve spinal stenosis or nerve compression • · Lumbar fusion -lumbar fusion is only indicated for recurrent lumbar disc herniations, not primary herniations • · Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion -for cervical disc herniation • · Disc arthroplasty -experimental for cases of cervical disc herniation • · Dynamic stabilization • · Artificial disc replacement • · Nucleoplasty- catheter and radio waves

16. Injury: Slip Disc • Prognosis • Can take up to 2 years to completely heal. • Maintain light exercise and stretching. • Maintain a healthy weight. • Wikipedia and WebMD (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_disc_herniation#cite_note-Rush-29) and (http://www.webmd.com/back-pain/tc/herniated-disc-topic-overview)