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Ch. 2 Properties of Matter

Ch. 2 Properties of Matter. I. Classifying Matter . A. Pure substances – fixed composition 1. elements a. Carbon (C) b. Oxygen (O) 2. compounds a. CaCl b. NaCl. Mixtures – properties of mixtures can vary because composition is not fixed

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Ch. 2 Properties of Matter

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  1. Ch. 2 Properties of Matter

  2. I. Classifying Matter A. Pure substances – fixed composition 1. elements a. Carbon (C) b. Oxygen (O) 2. compounds a. CaCl b. NaCl

  3. Mixtures – properties of mixtures can vary because composition is not fixed 1. heterogeneous mixture – unevenly mixed a. trail mix 2. homogenous – evenly mixed a. milk

  4. C. Solutions – homogenous mixture of two or more substances 1. salt water http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html a. Solvent (water = universal solvent) dissolves solute b. Solute (salt = salt water) substance being dissolved 2. saturated solution – no more solute than can be dissolved 3. super-saturated solution – more solute in mixture than can be dissolved 4. dilute solution – more solute can be dissolved by solvent

  5. Suspension - particles of a substance are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved 1. Italian salad dressing E. Colloid – a homogenous mixture with particles larger than solution, but smaller than suspension 1. whole milk

  6. II. Physical Properties of Matter http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_chemphys.html A. Examples of physical properties 1. viscosity – resistance of a fluid to flow 2. conductivity – ability of a substance to pass Energy 3. malleability – ability to bend without breaking 4. hardness – resistance to scratch 5. melting point – temperature that turns a solid to a liquid 6. boiling point – temperature that turns a liquid to a gas 7. density – comparison of an objects mass to its volume

  7. B. Using physical properties 1. identify materials (fools gold vs. real gold = density) 2. choose materials (buildings, car engines) C. Using properties to separate mixtures 1. filtration – removing suspended materials 2. distillation – separating solute from solution

  8. D. Recognizing Physical Changes 1. a substance has a new appearance, but has not changed into a new substance a. melting b. tearing c. bending

  9. III. Chemical Properties A. Examples of Chemical Properties 1. flammability – ability to burn 2. reactivity – potential to form new substances when combined with another substance

  10. B. Recognizing Chemical Changes http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/Chem_Review/Index.htm 1. color change 2. formation of a precipitate 3. production of a gas 4. temperature change

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