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Catalyst

Catalyst. How do you think the respiratory system and circulatory system are related?. Homework Check : Respiratory System. Homework Check: The Heart. Remember…. Disease: An abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism. Respiratory System: Cystic Fibrosis.

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst • How do you think the respiratory system and circulatory system are related?

  2. Homework Check: Respiratory System

  3. Homework Check: The Heart

  4. Remember… • Disease: An abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism

  5. Respiratory System: Cystic Fibrosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a-WHZoTX0E

  6. What is CF? • Overproduction of mucus in internal organs that causes severe and life-threatening complications in the respiratory system

  7. Cause • Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disease • Both parents must be carriers • Defective CFTR Gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)

  8. Effect

  9. Result • Life Expectancy: Early 40s • Very salty-tasting skin • Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm • Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis • Wheezing or shortness of breath • Poor growth or poor weight gain in spite of a good appetite • Frequent greasy, bulky stools or difficulty in bowel movements • Small, fleshy growths in the nose, called nasal polyps

  10. Prevalence • 30,000 people in the U.S. and 70,000 people worldwid

  11. Treatment: Chest Clapper, Bronchodilator • Cystic fibrosis (CF) has no cure. • Goal of treatment is usually: • Preventing and controlling lung infections • Loosening and removing thick, sticky mucus from the lungs • Preventing or treating blockages in the intestines • Providing enough nutrition • Preventing dehydration (a lack of fluid in the body)

  12. Circulatory System: What do we know?

  13. Circulatory System • Purpose: to circulate blood, oxygen, nutrients and waste throughout your body • AKA: cardiovascular system

  14. Main Components • Blood • Blood Vessels • Heart

  15. Blood • How much do humans have?

  16. Blood • Adults have 5L of blood

  17. Blood’s Components

  18. Blood Vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries

  19. Arteries • Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart • Aorta: Largest artery • Pulmonary Artery: only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs (2 total) • Carries blood from the body to the heart • Superior/Inferior Vena Cava: Largest vein • Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Veins

  20. Capillaries • Tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from cells

  21. Heart • Muscular pump about the size of your fist • 4 chambers • Left/Right Atrium: smaller, at the top • Left/Right Ventricle: larger, at the bottom

  22. Heart • 4 valves: flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards • Tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle • Pulmonary: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery • Mitral: between left atrium and left ventricle • Aortic: between left ventricle and aorta

  23. Heartbeat • Sinoatrial (SA) node generates and electric charge that causes the right atrium to contract • Then the Atrioventricular (AV) node causes both ventricles to contract

  24. Heartbeat • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR4t__B-Zwg

  25. Blood Flow • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60

  26. Steps of Blood Flow 1. Right atrium: receives oxygen poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps to the right ventricle 2. Right ventricle: pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries 3. Left atrium: receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps to the left ventricle 4. Left ventricle: pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body via the aorta

  27. Heart Disease • Umbrella term that includes various diseases that specifically target the heart, such as: coronary heart disease, heart attacks, congestive heart failure, etc.

  28. Myocardial Infarction: Heart Attack • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/causes.html

  29. What is a heart attack • Temporary loss of blood flow to the heart leading to the death of tissue

  30. Cause • Blockage of the coronary artery

  31. Effect • Coughing • Nausea • Vomiting • Crushing chest pain • Dizziness • Dyspnea (shortness of breath) • Face seems gray • A feeling of terror that your life is coming to its end • Feeling really awful (general feeling) • Restlessness • Clammy and sweaty

  32. Prevalence • 600,000 people in the U.S. die of heart disease every year. That’s 1 in 4! • 720,000 Americans have a heart attack every year

  33. Treatment • Aspirin to prevent blood clotting that may worsen the heart attack • Other antiplatelets, such as Brilinta, Effient, or Plavix, to prevent blood clotting • Thrombolytic therapy ("clot busters") to dissolve any blood clots in the heart's arteries

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