GG101: Dynamic Earth, Spring 2014

1. GG101: Dynamic Earth, Spring 2014 Instructor: Clint Conrad office: 804 POST phone: 956-6649 e-mail: clintc@hawaii.edu

2. GG101: Dynamic Earth, Fall 2013 Natural Hazards (Tsunamis) Geological Deformation Landscape Evolution Earth’s Interior Dynamics Purpose: An overview of Planet Earth and its ever-changing interior, landforms, and surface environment.

3. Clint Conrad • Associate Professor of Marine Geophysics • BA from UC Berkeley • PhD from MIT (1999) • University of Hawaii • since 2008 • My research field is: • Solid Earth Geophysics • Research areas include: • Interior of the Earth • Sea Level Change • Seismic Activity • Volcanism

4. Honolulu Star- Advertiser July 1, 2013

5. Class Information Instructor: Clint Conrad office: 804 POST phone: 956-6649 e-mail: clintc@hawaii.edu Lectures: Tues. & Thurs. 12:00-1:15 PM POST 723 Office Hours: After class or by appointment (e-mail me) Class Website: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/conrad/classes/GG101/GG101.html From the GG website: GG  People  Faculty  Conrad  Website  Courses  GG101 See the website for: Syllabus and schedule Download lecture powerpoints Homework due dates

6. Textbook Physical Geology: The Science of Earth by Charles Fletcher • Available in the Bookstore • Online version is available • Important: You need to buy • a book to get access to the • WileyPlus online system. • We will be using WileyPlus for: • Homework assignments • (about 2 per week) • Some Exams (3 exams total)

7. To access the WileyPlus Online System: Go to www.wileyplus.com/WileyCDA 2. Click on “Register for a new class” 3. Search on “Manoa” 4. Choose “FLETCHER-GEOLOGY” 5. Make sure to choose CONRAD as instructor (not Fletcher or McCoy) 6. Create account using your registration code (you get this with your book purchase)

8. Class website and WileyPlus Demo Start from G&G Department Website: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/index.html

9. Grading: • 50% Homeworks: • 1-2 per week (about 20 total) • Each homework is about 2.5% of your grade • Multiple choice questions on WileyPlus • Questions based on Textbook reading • Collaboration is OK, open book and notes • Usually due 1 week after lecture on the topic • 50% credit is given for late homework • No extensions to homework due dates • 50% Exams: • 3 Exams total (one every 5 weeks) • Each exam is 17% of your grade • Multiple choice / short answer questions • Questions based on textbook and lectures • Final Grades • A = 90-100% D = 60-70% • B = 80-90% F = below 60% • C = 70-80%

10. How to do well in this course: • Reading: Do assigned reading BEFORE lecture • (this will help you understand the lecture better) • Lectures: Attend EVERY lecture! • Homework: Make sure to do EVERY homework! • Questions: Ask questions! (they help with learning) • Every week, you will need to spend: • 3 hours in lecture • 1-2 hours doing homework • 2-3 hours doing reading • 2 hours preparing for exams • 10 hours total (about)

11. Part I: Planet Earth Earth formation Earth materials (types of rocks) Major Earth processes

12. Part II: Earth’s Dynamic Interior Interior Dynamics Volcanism, Earthquakes, Mountain Building Geologic Time, Earth History

13. Part III: Earth’s Dynamic Surface Global change Glaciers and climate Hydrology (water processes) Coastal and Marine Geology

14. What is Geology? “Geology is the study of Earth and other planets”

15. What is Geology? • Two Branches of Geology • 1. Physical Geology: Study of Earth Materials • Study of Earth Processes: chemical • biological • physical Diamond head, Oahu

16. What is Geology? • Two Branches of Geology • 2. Historical Geology: • Study of geological events in Earth’s history Dinosaur Extinction Russian Meteor: Feb 15, 2013

17. How do we study Geology? The Scientific Method Critical thinking: Geologists use reasoning To explain the world around us Geologists Use: Repeatable observations Testable predictions

18. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands.

19. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands. Hypothesis: A long crack in the crust permits volcanism across the Pacific.

20. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands. Hypothesis: A long crack in the crust permits volcanism across the Pacific. Testable Prediction: The volcanoes should all be the same age.

21. Volcanic Ages for the HawaiianChain ages are in Millions of Years

22. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands. Hypothesis: A long crack in the crust permits volcanism across the Pacific. Testable Prediction: The volcanoes should all be the same age. Results of Test: Failure! Volcanoes are younger in the east.

23. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands. New Hypothesis: The seafloor is moving westward over a source of volcanism. plate motion

24. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island chain continues beyond the main islands. New Hypothesis: The seafloor is moving westward over a source of volcanism. . plate motion Testable Prediction: Ages of the submerged islands should increase moving westward.

25. Testable Predictions Observation: The Hawaiian island continues past the main islands New Hypothesis: The seafloor is moving westward over a source of volcanism. . plate motion Testable Prediction: Ages of the submerged islands should increase moving westward. Results of Test: Success! Our hypothesis is confirmed. (so far)

26. Why Study Geology? • Geology helps us understand how human society • interacts with our planet. Example: Natural Hazards Floods/Tsunamis Earthquakes

27. Why Study Geology? • Geology helps us understand how human society • interacts with our planet. Example: Managing Land Use

28. Why Study Geology? 2. Many jobs require knowledge of Geology Oil / mineral exploration Environmental Engineering Volcanologist Urban planner Conservationist Many others! Engineering geology Hydrology

29. Why Study Geology? 3. Geology will help us understand local and global challenges Climate Change Peak Oil Mineral Resources Soil Erosion Water Availability Sea Level Change 70 meters rise 20 meters rise 1 meter rise

30. Why Study Geology? 3. Geology will help us understand local and global challenges Climate Change Peak Oil Mineral Resources Soil Erosion Water Availability Sea Level Change http://earthengine.google.org/#intro Geologic change can happen on human timescales, and humans are major force for geologic change!

31. Why Study Geology? 4. Be an informed citizen / voter Climate Change Peak Oil Mineral Resources Soil Erosion Water Availability Sea Level Change

32. Core Geology Concepts 1. The Earth is Shaped by Plate Tectonics

33. Core Geology Concepts 1. The Earth is Shaped by Plate Tectonics

34. Plate Tectonics predicts movements of continents

35. Core Geology Concepts 1. The Earth is Shaped by Plate Tectonics Evidence for continental motion from fossils

36. Core Geology Concepts 2. Earth processes and history are recorded in its rocks • Rocks are an aggregation of minerals • Rocks are recycled over time (called the rock cycle)

37. Core Geology Concepts 2. Earth processes and history are recorded in its rocks Igneous Rocks form from molten rock

38. Core Geology Concepts 2. Earth processes and history are recorded in its rocks Sedimentary Rocks form by the action of surface process on rock particles.

39. Core Geology Concepts 2. Earth processes and history are recorded in its rocks Metamorphic Rocks form by the action of large pressures and temperatures

40. Core Geology Concepts 3. The Geologic Time Scale summaries Earth history Dinosaurs First Life Earth Formed First Land Plants

41. Assignments on WileyPlus: HW 0: Ungraded – just for practice using The WileyPlus system HW 1: Due before class (Jan 21) Based on Chapter 1 of Fletcher’s book