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E-WASTE: GENERATION, DANGER AND MANAGEMENT

E-WASTE: GENERATION, DANGER AND MANAGEMENT. ENGR. DR. Y. A. ADEDIRAN, FNSE Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin E-mail: yinusaade@yahoo.com. THINGS TO CONSIDER. What is E-Waste? Categories and Components of E-Waste Dangers of E-Waste Stakeholders in E-Waste

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E-WASTE: GENERATION, DANGER AND MANAGEMENT

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  1. E-WASTE: GENERATION, DANGER AND MANAGEMENT ENGR. DR. Y. A. ADEDIRAN, FNSE Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin E-mail: yinusaade@yahoo.com

  2. THINGS TO CONSIDER • What is E-Waste? • Categories and Components of E-Waste • Dangers of E-Waste • Stakeholders in E-Waste • What can be done with E-Waste? • E-Waste management initiatives (International) • E-Waste Management in Nigeria • Recommendations Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  3. INTRODUCTION • Electronic Waste (E-Waste, Waste EEE) one of the fastest growing waste streams all over the world • Contains more than 1000 different substances • Averages 1-3% of total solid waste in developed countries • Increases by 16-28% every 5 years • Need for effective management • Up to 75% of electronics shipped to computer village in Lagos are irreparable junk • Africa is the latest destination for obsolete EEE because of • Hunger for information and bridging digital divide • Limited capacity to manufacture Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  4. WHAT IS E-WASTE? • No standard definition, each country with its own definition, interpretation and usage • No definition at all in any African country Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  5. WHAT IS E-WASTE? EU definition • Waste: Any substance or object which the holder disposes of or is required to dispose of pursuant to the provisions of national law in force • EEE: equipment dependent on electrical currents or electromagnetic (EM) fields in order to work properly, and • equipment for generation, transfer and measurements of such currents and fields…desired for use with a voltage <100 Vac and 1500 Vdc Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  6. CATEGORIES OF E-WASTE (by EU) • Household appliances (large and small) • IT and Telecoms equipment • Consumer equipment • Lighting equipment • Electrical and electronic tools • Toys, leisure and sports equipment • Medical devices • Monitoring and control instruments • Automatic dispensers Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  7. A SHORT LIST … CRT (of computers and television sets), printers, fax machines, photocopiers, computer peripherals, VCRs, radio receivers, CD players, microwave ovens, video games, … Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  8. COMPONENTS OF E-WASTE • Fe and steel • Non-ferrous metals (Pb, Cu, Al, Au, …) • Glass • Plastic • Electronic components (R, C, L, ICs…) • Others (rubber, wood, ceramics, …) Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  9. DANGERS OF E-WASTE Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  10. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  11. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  12. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS Effects on soil: • Toxic leachates: Hg, Cd, Pb, P • Uncontrolled fire risk →toxic fumes • Biologically non-degradable: Cd, HG, BFR There are also hazardous effects on livestock, ecology, etc. Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  13. WHY IS E-WASTE A PROBLEM? E-Waste poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Increasing human health risks More Hazardous materials in landfills Increased electronics purchase More E-Waste Rapid technological changes Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  14. STAKEHOLDERS IN E-WASTE MANAGEMENT Almost everyone is a stakeholder Manufacturers Recyclers Suppliers E-Waste Resellers End-users Aggregators Collectors Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  15. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  16. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES) • Basel Convention • G8 3Rs Initiative • StEP • GTZ • UNEP/DTIE (IETC) • GeSI • SECO Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  17. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERA • No serious initiative to address the issue • Govt. organs expected to be responsible: NESREA, FEPA, NEMA, NASRDA, NCC … • Efforts made: • Establishment of institutional framework (FEPA, NESREA) • Sponsored intn’l conferences on E-Waste control • Latest: Environment Division of NSE Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  18. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERA CHALLENGES: • Lack of legislation to control in-flow of used electronics products • Lack of awareness by public on inherent dangers of E-Waste • Lack of recycling facilities • Poor corporate responsibility by industry • Used electronics not contraband to Nigerian Customs Service Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  19. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERA NSE INITIATIVES: • Environment Division of NSE organised a conference in November 2010 on Environmental Impact of Telecoms systems • Communiqué emphasized E-Waste problem • National Committee set on E-Waste up • Inaugural meeting held in June 2010 Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  20. BETTER OPTIONS FOR YOUR E-WASTE • Increase in sales price to take care of Total Life Cycle Cost • Donation to schools, orphanage, charitable non-profit organisations • Auctioning • Sale to recyclers Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  21. BENEFITS OF RECYCLING • Metal recovery for future uses • Conservation of natural resources • Air and water pollution avoidance • Reduction in amount of greenhouse gas emissions via manufacturing of new products Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  22. RECOMMENDATIONS • Legislation on safe disposal with assistance of governments • Accompanying sales of new consumer electronics through process fees • Encouraging genuine recyclers • Manufacturers to take item back at end-of-life with incentives Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  23. CONCLUSION • E-Waste a ticking time bomb in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive • Nigeria, as a major consumer of both new and used electronics products, needs to take an urgent look at E-Waste management via • Legislation (legal framework) • Awareness creation at all levels of government Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

  24. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Engr. Dr. Y. A. Adediran, FNSE NSE Ilorin Branch, 28/7/2011

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