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HIV/AIDS Basics Presentation 2009

HIV/AIDS Basics Presentation 2009. AIDS Committee of London:. Community based, non-profit Since 1985 Mission: increasing the quality of lives and advocating on behalf of those infected/affected by HIV/AIDS Support, Education, Counterpoint, Communications & Partnerships

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HIV/AIDS Basics Presentation 2009

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  1. HIV/AIDS Basics Presentation 2009

  2. AIDS Committee of London: • Community based, non-profit • Since 1985 • Mission: increasing the quality of lives and advocating on behalf of those infected/affected by HIV/AIDS • Support, Education, Counterpoint, Communications & Partnerships • **Fundraising & volunteer opportunities**

  3. COUNTERPOINT: safer needle exchange • Education (Harm Reduction) for IDU • Works on the basis of ‘exchange’ • Safe disposal system • Referrals • Syringes, sterile water, alcohol swabs, filters, Vitamin C, condoms & lube • Fixed site and street outreach • London CARES

  4. AIDS Committee of London: Suite 30 186 King Street London, ON N6A 1C7 1-519-434-1601 1-866-920-1601 www.aidslondon.com www.theshag.ca www.anyquestions.ca

  5. Note: the purpose/intent of this presentation is to help educate and inform you about HIV/AIDS. We are not here to scare you or deter you from healthy sexuality. Moreover, we wish to provide an opportunity to speak honestly about HIV/AIDS. Thank you! The AIDS Committee of London, ON (09)

  6. Epidemiology: (noun)--the branch of medicine dealing with the incidence and prevalence of disease in large populations and with detection of the source and cause of epidemics of infectious disease. Prevalence: the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time (i.e.; # of persons living with HIV/AIDS). Incidence: extent or frequency of occurrence (i.e.; positive test results). Harm Reduction: a holistic approach to minimizing risks to one’s health; giving options and choice to make informed decisions.

  7. Acronyms • PHA = persons living with HIV/AIDS • IDU = injection drug use • GIPA = greater involvement of PHA’s • MSM = men who have sex with men • HCV = hepatitis C • STI = sexually transmitted infections (formerly diseases)

  8. Global estimates for adults and children, 2007 • People living with HIV………………….. 33 million[30 – 36 million] • New HIV infections in 2007……………. 2.7 million [2.2 – 3.2 million] • Deaths due to AIDS in 2007…………… 2.0 million[1.8 – 2.3 million]

  9. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV, 2007 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.5 million [1.1 – 1.9 million] Western & Central Europe 730 000 [580 000 – 1.0 million] North America 1.2 million [760 000 – 2.0 million] East Asia 740 000 [480 000 – 1.1 million] Middle East&North Africa 380 000 [280 000 – 510 000] Caribbean 230 000 [210 000 – 270 000] South & South-East Asia 4.2 million [3.5 – 5.3 million] Sub-Saharan Africa 22.0 million [20.5 – 23.6 million] Latin America 1.7 million [1.5 – 2.1 million] Oceania 74 000 [66 000 – 93 000] Total: 33 million (30 – 36 million)

  10. More than 25 million people have died of AIDS (related illnesses) since 1981. UNAIDS/WHO, July 2008

  11. Over 7400 new HIV infections a day in 2007 • More than 96% are in low and middle income countries • About 1000 are in children under 15 years of age • About 6300 are in adults aged 15 years and older • of whom: • almost 50% are among women • about 45% are among young people (15-24)

  12. HIV/AIDS Global Fast Facts: • Almost 5 new infections every minute! • 5,700 people die of AIDS every day; that is approx. 2.1 million deaths/year (2007) • For every 2 persons starting HIV treatment, 5 become infected! Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNICEF, World Health Organization, & Interagency Coalition of AIDS Development

  13. Canadian Stats • Almost 60 000 Canadians living with HIV • The percentage of the population infected with HIV: 0.4 % • 30% of all PHA’s don’t know they’re infected • Women represent 1/5 of infections • Youth (15-24) are among highest risk category • Provinces with highest rates: ON, QC, BC Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008

  14. What about London, Ontario??? • 3rd highest rate of infection after Toronto & Ottawa • Between 1998 – 2003, prevalence in southwestern Ontario increased by more than 160% (heterosexual contact) • ACOL Support department with a case load of approx 300

  15. Social Determinants of Health: • Def’n: complex set of factors or conditions that determine the level of health of every Canadian. Income and Social Status Social Support Networks Education and Literacy Employment/Working Conditions Social Environments Physical Environments Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills Healthy Child Development Health Services Gender Culture Public Health Agency of Canada

  16. What does HIV stand for? H I V uman mmunodeficiency irus

  17. What is HIV? A virus that weakens the immune system

  18. Whatdoes AIDS stand for? A I D S cquired mmune eficiency yndrome

  19. What is AIDS? An advanced form of the illnesses caused by H.I.V.

  20. AIDS = • An Opportunistic Infection (i.e.; Kaposi’s Sarcoma, PCP pneumonia, TB, cancers, etc…) • High viral load • Low CD4 count (i.e.; below 200) • HAART ***important to note that viral loads are often evaluated through blood, and this is not necessarily reflective in other bodily fluids. Therefore, although viral load can be “undetectable” transmission is still possible***

  21. Transmission infected body fluid enters bloodstream

  22. Thru a Mucous Membrane: • High risk when HIV comes in contact with the more porous mucous membranes (genitals, anus, and rectum), which can be inefficient barriers to HIV • Slight possibility via oral sex because body fluids can enter the bloodstream through cuts (cold sore, blister, canker, bleeding gums from flossing, etc) in the mouth

  23. Fluids that pass infection: • Blood • Semen (includes precum/ejaculate) • Vaginal fluids • Breast milk • Anal mucous/fluids

  24. MYTHS What are some other body fluids that you’ve heard might pass infection???

  25. What are MY Risks?

  26. Potential- the possibility, or likelihood, of successful development (in a particular way) • Evidence -  information,data, etc that gives reason for believing something; proof (eg in a law case)

  27. High Risk: (potential & evidence) • anal or vaginal sex without a condom • sharing needles & drug injection equipment • sharing piercing/tattooing needles • sharing sex toys without cleaning or using a condom

  28. Low (some) Risk: (potential & some evidence) • anal or vaginal sex with a latex condom • oral sex on a woman • oral sex on a man, taking semen in one’s mouth or swallowing it

  29. Negligible (some) Risk: (some potential, no evidence) • giving/receiving oral sex with barrier • sharing sex toys with condom • sharing toothbrushes or razors • using drugs with shared pipe or straw

  30. No Risk: (no potential, no evidence) • abstinence • masturbation • hugging, kissing, casual contact • sitting on toilet seats • coughing & sneezing • mosquitoes & other animals

  31. Tips to reduce RISKS! • Get tested (annually) • Learn how to talk about all status • Using, storing, disposing of condoms properly • Lubricant is our friend! • Use dental dams

  32. HIV Antibody Testing 101 • Looking for presence of HIV antibodies • Rapid test vs. blood draw • “Waiting period” can be 12 weeks? • Confidential vs. Anonymous • Options Testing Clinic 659 Dundas East, London. 519-673-4427 www.optionsclinic.ca • Mon 3-5 testing onsite ACOL • Central Spa, YAC

  33. HCV & STI’s • Hep B/C infects liver • Passed thru blood only • HIV + STI = higher risk of transmitting HIV to an uninfected partner • STI = 9 x more likely to acquire HIV • STI’s can complicate meds • If HIV+, STI symptoms may be more severe! • Vaccines available for Hep A & B, NOT C!

  34. Universal/Standard Precautions: • Using disposable instruments (razors) • Cleaning, disinfecting & sterilizing • Proper gloves, protective clothing, surfaces (x contamination) • Safe presumption of all blood & bodily fluids • Safe disposal • Call Counterpoint for sharps, etc…….

  35. Symptoms of HIV infection: • Flu-like (prolonged); fever, loss of appetite, sore throat, etc…. • Swollen lymph nodes • Can take up to 4 weeks for “seroconversion” to occur (antibodies are detected in blood.) • After initial symptoms, any others may not occur for months/years. • Differs from 1 person to next…..

  36. HIV related STIGMA means….. • Negative thoughts about person/group based on social prejudice. • Shame and fear. • Universal • Ex; people refuse to test or even come to ACOL offices for fear it may be assumed they are; gay, and drug user, or HIV +

  37. Recommended websites: • www.hivstigma.com • www.canadianharmreduction.com • www.catie.ca • www.sexualityandu.ca • www.sexpressions.ca • www.unaids.org

  38. Questions??? Thank you for your time, AIDS Committee of London Ontario AIDS Hotline 1-800-668-2437 (English & 15 other languages)

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