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Chapter 4 - Greece

Chapter 4 - Greece. Greece geography. Very mountainous. Difficult to farm and gather. Next option is to fish and travel to smaller islands. This allows spread of the Greek culture. Greek Life. Greek Life. Like Dr. Cooper said, an agora is a market.

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Chapter 4 - Greece

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  1. Chapter 4- Greece

  2. Greece geography • Very mountainous. • Difficult to farm and gather. • Next option is to fish and travel to smaller islands. • This allows spread of the Greek culture.

  3. Greek Life

  4. Greek Life • Like Dr. Cooper said, an agora is a market. • At the center of the city there was a fortified building known as acropolis. • The city (polis) was a city-state

  5. Civil Class • Citizens with political rights- Men. • Citizens without political rights – Women & Children. • Non-citizens – Slave & Foreigners.

  6. Civil Class • Regardless of class, every person had loyalty. • This caused the Greece empire to fall apart. • Why?

  7. War • Greece revolutionized warfare during this time. • Soldiers transitions from horse back to hoplites.

  8. Hoplites • Greece took their warfare very serious. • Males “inspected” at birth. • They spend most of their early life learning military discipline. • Once they become 20, they entered the army. • Lived away from their families until they were 30. • Did not leave the military until the age of 60.

  9. Military Family • Since men did not spend much time at home, women held greater freedom. • They would encourage their husbands and sons to be brave during war. • “Come back with your shield or on it.” – Queen Corgo, 300

  10. Greek Government(s) Monarchy Aristocracy/ Oligarchy • One King in power • Usually tried to please the people. • Power was inherited • Rule by nobles • There was limited by just a few. • Most time tended to be the wealthier class.

  11. Greek Government(s) Tyranny Democracy • One person in power • Does not care about the people, and only does whatever they please. • Freedom and rights for everyone, regardless of citizens or not. • Usually revolved around a council, or several leaders with one major one.

  12. Ionian Greeks

  13. Persian Conquest • The Ionian Greeks had been controlled by the Persian Army. • Around 499 BCE, Ionian cities revolted. • They were unsuccessful. • Darius was enraged and wanted revenge. • Darius’ army was defeated. • Xerxes came in control, and attacked Greece. • In 479 BCE, the Greek army defeated the Persian army.

  14. Open a new window • The Persian army was defeated and Athens took control of Greece. • Athenians were complete opposites of Spartans. • This caused a lot of issues

  15. Comparison Spartans Athenians • Warfare held highly • Children encourage to fight for country. • Women held many responsibilities. • Average amount of slaves • More sophisticated • Children were educated. (Only boys.) • Women were held very low in society. • Women were only expected to bear child and raise family. (Not educated) • Many slaves.

  16. Great Peloponnesian War • Spartans feared Athenian control. • They wanted Greece to be theirs. • Athenians knew they could be defeated. • They hid behind fortified cities • Plague killed a lot of the population • Eventually Spartans defeated Athenians • All sides were weakened, and eventually lost.

  17. Battle of Thermopylae • 7,000 Greek soldiers faced off against 180,000 Persian soldiers for two days. • Led by King Leonidas • On the 3rd day, Leonidas sent off most of his army but kept a few soldiers to make one last stand. • 700 Thespians • 400 Thebans • 300 Spartans

  18. Cleisthenes • Helped overthrow Hippias, a tyrant • Came into power, established the foundation of the Athenian democracy

  19. Extra Facts • Socrates said, “the unexamined life is not worth living.” • Herodotus wrote, History of the Persian Wars • First real history. • Homer • Wrote two epic poems, Iliad and Odyssey.

  20. Alexander & the Hellenistic Period • After the Great Peloponnesian War, the Macedonians came into power. • They were led by King Phillip II • Was assassinated by one of his bodyguards. • His son took kingship, Alexander. • Eventually, would be known as Alexander the Great. • His first accomplishment was freeing the Ionian states from Persian control.

  21. Cont. • He succeeded in destroying the Persian Empire. • Continued conquering • As far South as Egypt • As far East as the Indus River in India. • Stopped at India because soldiers were tired. • Alexander soon after died at the age of 32.

  22. Birth of Hellenistic Period • Alexander’s conquest spread Greek culture. • This led to the Hellenistic Period. • Hellenistic is derived from the Greek meaning “to imitate Greeks.” • During this period, Greek culture was the most popular culture around.

  23. Hellenistic Kingdoms • After Alexander’s death, four major kingdoms emerged. • Macedonia • Syria • Pergamum • Egypt

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