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The Escaped Nun. Catherine Von Bora was raised in “impoverished nobility”. She sought out a spirituality that the convent could never offer. She learned of the Reformation with others who were also educated. She quickly jumped on board the ideas of the Reformation.
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The Escaped Nun • Catherine Von Bora was raised in “impoverished nobility”. • She sought out a spirituality that the convent could never offer. • She learned of the Reformation with others who were also educated. • She quickly jumped on board the ideas of the Reformation. • She and other nines escaped on a wagon filled with barrels of pickled herring.
Catherine Von Bora • The nuns came to Wittenberg. • Catherine refused to settle for a spouse. She did not accept the advances of two suitors for her whole first year at Wittenberg. • Finally, she told Luther’s friend and fellow reformer, Nikolaus von Amsdorf, that she would be willing to marry only Dr. Luther or him.
But Luther’s old… • They were both 16 years older. • Katherina (Catherine) was 26 and Luther 42. He had no plans to marry. • Luther felt it good. He believed his vow of chastity was a sinful affront to God, denouncing His blessing and means to avoid temptation. • Luther would marry.
Luther the family man • Between bearing six children, Hans - June 1526, Elizabeth - 10 December 1527 died within a few months, Magdalene - 1529 died in Luther’s arms in 1542, Martin - 1531, Paul - January 1533, and Margaret - 1534, Katharina helped earn the couple a living by farming the land and taking in boarders.[
Marriage and Family • If Luther was ever away from Katie, he would write a letter. • Luther proves himself the husband and father that he wished his own father had been. • He was loving and affectionate. • He woke up early when did his best study, prayer, and writing. Then he would be available to family and the work of the Reformation at hand.
Organizing the New Church • By 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organizing a new church. His Biblical ideal of GEMEINDE KIRCHE (community of believers) choosing their own ministers had proved unworkable. • He believed this was the ideal of purer aniquity. • For the sake of order, from 1525 to 1529, Luther felt he had to see that a supervisory church body be established, encouraged the exclusive use of his worship service for the sake of unity and order, and wrote a clear summary of the new faith in the form of two catechisms.
Diet of Speyer • Salvation could not be found outside of the Roman Catholic Church. • Heretics within Roman Catholic lands were to be excommunicated and executed. • BUT, the Diety of Speyer changes all that. • Charles V’s younger brother, calls for a Diet to bring peace to the empire.
Diet of Speyer • The threat of the Turks is just too great for division to persist. • Archduke Ferdinand of Austria convenes Diet in behalf of brother. • Tolerance is allowed for those of differing confessions in Christendom. • This is a HUGE break for the Reformers. • There’s no single date for acceptance of this Diet but most agree it was all wrapped up on August 26, 1526.
Second Diet of Speyer • The Roman Catholic Church wanted the first Diet repelled and all reformers legally punished if they did any “new” reformations. They would tolerate the Lutherans “as is” but no other sects. • On April 25, 1529, the evangelicals protested this Diet. And protestant became the official designation at this point by Rome. Any promise to stop future reformations is death to the whole Reformation and the promotion of deformations. The motto of the First Diet’s supports is – • “The Word of God abides forever!”
Unity at all costs? • The Marburg Colloquy showed a genuine desire for unity, without compromising doctrine. • Luther and Zwingli agreed on 14 points of doctrine. They could not agree on the Lord’s Supper, Real Presence. • Luther wrote in chalk on the wall: • “This is My Body.”
Ulrich Zwingli • Zwingli believed the Lord’s Supper represented Christ’s body. • Luther could not compromise “is”. • Is is is, not like, represents,or symbolizes.
January 21, 1530 • Charles V summons imperial Diet in Augsburg. Why? • The Turks were gaining ground. Things looks so grave for Europe, any further religious division had to end immediately. It was time to end religious discord for the sake of the empire.
Augsburg Confession 1530 • What did the Evangelicals believe? What was their faith? • Fredrick’s successor and younger brother, John, tells Luther, Melanchton, Jonas, and Bugehagen to draft the faith that they taught.
Torgau Articles • They write the Torgau Articles (mid to late March 1530) en route to Augsburg where an emporer called a diet. They write them at Torgau (where Katie Luther would go to live her final days). • Luther was left at Coburg Castle as many feared for his life. • Bugenhagen, Jonas (the fluent translator), and Melancthon refine, revise, and clarify the Torgau Articles into the Augsburg Confession.
Luther’s importance • The concern for Luther was greater than his life alone. • Luther was a figurehead. • His end (by unnatural means) might be seen as the end of the extent of the movement.
Article 1 • God • Lutherans believe in the Triune God and reject other interpretations regarding the nature of God.
Article 2 • Original Sin • Lutherans believe that the nature of man is sinful, described as being without fear of God, without trust of God and with concupiscence. The only 'cure' for sin is to be reborn through Baptism and the Holy Spirit.
Article 3 • The Son of God. Lutherans believe in the incarnation, that is, the union of the fully human with the fully divine in the person of Jesus. Jesus Christ alone brings about the reconciliation of humanity with God.
Article 4 • Justification By Faith • Man cannot be justified before God through our own abilities; we are wholly reliant on Jesus Christ for reconciliation with God.
Article 5 • The Office of Preaching • Lutherans believe that to see to it that the gospel of Jesus Christ is proclaimed throughout the world, Christ has established his office of the holy ministry.
Article 6 • Of The New Obedience • Lutherans believe that good deeds of Christians are the fruits of faith and salvation, not a price paid for them.
By Summer 1531 • Melancthon explained each article a bit more with the Apology of the Augsburg Confession
In 1537 • An alliance of evangelicals (called the Smalcald League) who met from time to time in Smalcalden, Germany, talks about debated points in detail. • The Smalcard League subscribes to these points that become the Smalcald Articles. • These get very specific and technical. The nature of a bishphoric. The illegitimacy of purgatory. The marriage of priests. Etc.
