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History 320 The European Reformation

History 320 The European Reformation. NEW HEAVEN: NEW EARTH, 1517-1524. Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism 1521-2 Zürich and Wittenberg 1522-4 The Years of Carnival, 1521-4 WOOING THE MAGISTRATE, 1524-40 Europe’s Greatest Rebellion: 1524-5

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History 320 The European Reformation

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  1. History 320The European Reformation

  2. NEW HEAVEN: NEW EARTH, 1517-1524 • Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism 1521-2 • Zürich and Wittenberg 1522-4 • The Years of Carnival, 1521-4 WOOING THE MAGISTRATE, 1524-40 • Europe’s Greatest Rebellion: 1524-5 • Princely Churches or Christian Separation: 1525-30 • The Birth of Protestantisms: 1529-33

  3. Evangelical Challenges: Zwingli and Radicalism, 1521-1522 • Zwingli: Zürich (1519), Lent (1522)

  4. Evangelical Challenges • Wittenberg: radical teaching, radical actions: Zwickau Prophets, Melanchthon, Karlstadt • Luther returns: March 1522

  5. Zürich and Wittenberg 1522-4 • Zürich disputations (January, October, 1523) • Ten Commandments and images • sacraments: Eucharist, baptism • “The spirit gives life, but the flesh is of no use” (John 6: 63) • God ↔ humanity; community • Zürich radicals, rebaptism (1525), Anabaptists • Erasmus vs. Luther

  6. The Years of Carnival, 1521-4 • the uses of liberty • On Secular Authority (1523) • two-kingdoms theory

  7. Europe’s Greatest Rebellion: 1524-5 • Peasants’ / Farmers’ War • Luther’s response • Admonition to Peace (1525) • Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants (1525) • Thomas Müntzer: “an impractical mystic and dreamer” (161) • Twelve Articles (1525)

  8. Princely Churches or Christian Separation: 1525-30 • Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order • Duke Johann of Electoral Saxony; Landgraf Philipp of Hessen • cuius regio, eius religio (Speyer, 1526) • visitation, Electoral Saxony • prince as emergency bishop or responsible for the care of religion

  9. Princely Churches or Christian Separation, 1525-30 • Anabaptism • Balthasar Hubmair (d. 1528), Nikolsburg (Mikulov) • believer’s baptism • separation / suffering • community of goods • Jakob Hutter (d. 1536) • Schleitheim Confession

  10. The Birth of Protestantisms: 1529-33 • Marburg Colloquy (1529) • Diet of Augsburg (1530), Augsburg Confession (1530) • Schmalkaldic League (1531) • Reformed Protestantism • Christian Civic Union (1529-31) • Heinrich Bullinger (d. 1575) • covenant theology

  11. Marburg Colloquy (1529); Philip of Hessen

  12. Diet of Augsburg (1530)

  13. Chapter 3: New Heaven: New Earth, 1517-1524 • Identify: Zwingli, Melanchthon, Karlstadt, Zwickau Prophets, priesthood of all believers, theory of two kingdoms, Anabaptism, two Anabaptists, Magisterial Reformation, Radical Reformation • 1. Who was Zwingli? (You will find more information in Chapter 4). • 2. What constituted radicalism in the early years of the Reformation? Who was radical? Who was not?

  14. Chapter 3: New Heaven: New Earth, 1517-1524 • 3. MacCulloch quotes Owen Chadwick: "At the beginning of the sixteenth century everyone that mattered in the Western Church was crying out for reformation" (153). MacCulloch agrees with this. Did Chadwick's assertion ring true when you read Chapters 1 and 2? • 4. In what way was the Reformation carnivalesque in the earliest phase of its development?

  15. Wooing the Magistrate, 1524-40 • Identify: cuius regio, eius religio;Schleitheim Confession (1527); Swiss Brethren; Marburg Colloquy (1529); Diet of Augsburg (1530); Augsburg Confession (1530); Schmalkaldic League, Reformed Protestantism, Christian Civic Union, synodical system of church government • Why did Romans 13: 1-7 play an important role in the history of the relationship between Christianity and government?

  16. Wooing the Magistrate, 1524-40 • 1. What is the connection between the Reformation and the German Peasants' War? • 2. Who were the first princes to support the Reformation? • 3. How and why did Anabaptism deny "the concept of Christendom"(169)? Read Article 4 of the Schleitheim Confession. How does this contribute to your knowledge of Anabaptism? • 4. MacCulloch mentions “a process of definition and separation, capped by three momentous failures” (172). Why were the Marburg Colloquy, the Diet of Augsburg, and the events of 1531 in Switzerland failures?

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