1 / 16

Hookworm Infection

Hookworm Infection. Brandy Kragness & Kerbe Norberg. Geographical Range. Necator americanus Sub Saharan Africa Southeast Asia China Indonesia the Americas Ancylostoma duodenale Middle East North Africa India . Morphology. Necator americanus “New World Hookworm”

duy
Download Presentation

Hookworm Infection

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Hookworm Infection Brandy Kragness & Kerbe Norberg

  2. Geographical Range • Necatoramericanus • Sub Saharan Africa • Southeast Asia • China • Indonesia • the Americas • Ancylostomaduodenale • Middle East • North Africa • India

  3. Morphology • Necatoramericanus • “New World Hookworm” • Pair of dorsal and ventral cutting plates surrounding the buccal cavity • Also have subdorsal and subventral teeth near the rear of the buccal cavity • Males: • 7-9 mm long • Copulatory Bursa with needle-like spicules forming a distal hook • Females: • 9-11 mm long • Vulva located in middle of body • Produce 5,000-10,000 eggs per day (Life Span = 5 Years!) • Eggs: 65-75 μm by 36-40 μm, thin shelled

  4. Necatoramericanus dorsal and ventral cutting plates

  5. Morphology • Ancylostomaduodenale • “Old World Hookworm” • Two ventral cutting plates with two large teeth fused at their base • A pair of small teeth are located in the capsule as well • Males: • 8-11 mm long • Copulatory Bursa with needle-like spicules that are NOT fused distally • Females: • 10-13 mm long • Vulva located about 1/3 of the body length from the posterior end • Produce 10,000-30,000 eggs per day (Life Span= 1 year) • Eggs: 56-60 μm by 35-40 μm, thin shelled

  6. Ancylostomaduodenale cutting plates with two large teeth fused

  7. Transmission • Ancylostomaduodenale • Fecal Oral Route • Penetration of filariform larvae upon human skin • Transplacentally and through mother’s milk • Necatoramericanus • Penetration of filariform larvae upon human skin

  8. Hosts • Definitive Host • Humans (Children more commonly than adults) • Paratenic Host • A. duodenalecan be transmitted through ingestion of undercooked meat (rabbit, pork, beef, lamb) • Pigs can serve as a transport host for N. americanus

  9. Other Forms • Ancylostomacaninum • dogs, fox • intestinal • Ancylostomabraziliense • canines, felines • Cutaneous larval migrans • Humans act as accidental hosts for both species

  10. Pathogenesis • Cutaneous Phase: • Occurs when the juvenile penetrates human skin • Ground Itch (“Creeping Eruption”) • Pulmonary Phase: • Occurs when juveniles break out of lung capillaries and into the throat • Usually asymptomatic • Dry coughing or sore throat may occur • Pneumonitis (Rare)

  11. Pathogenesis • Intestinal Phase: • Occurs when worms reach the small intestine and attach themselves • Iron deficiency anemia: • N. americanuscan suck approximately 0.03 L of blood per day (1000 worms) • A. duodenalecan suck approximately 0.26 L of blood per day (100 worms) • Abdominal Pain • Loss of normal appetite • Cognitive Impairments

  12. Diagnosis • Eggs or Worms in Feces • Must use concentration technique • Differentiating between N. americanus& A. duodenale: • Use PCR-RFLP method

  13. Treatment & Prevention • Treatment: • Mebendazole- Drug of choice • Removes both species of Hookworm • Single dose therapy is efficient and cheap • Prevention: • Education • Persuasion of sanitary disposal of feces (use of latrines) • Avoid using nightsoil for fertilization • Mass Drug Administration (Distributing BenzimidazoleAnthelmintic Drugs)

  14. Public Health Concern • Approximately 22.1 million DALY’s (Daily Adjusted Life Years) have been lost due to Hookworm Infection • Research: • Vaccines currently being clinically tested for targeting: • Larval worm stage • Adult worm stage

  15. References • http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/hookworm/factsht_hookworm.htm • https://health.google.com/health/ref/Creeping+eruption • Roberts, Larry S. and Jr. John Janovy. Foundations of Parisitology. 8th Edition. November 30th, 2008.

More Related