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Movement of Substance

Movement of Substance . Active Transport. Learning outcomes. After completing this chapter you will able to :

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Movement of Substance

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  1. Movement of Substance Active Transport

  2. Learning outcomes After completing this chapter you will able to : Define active transport and discuss its importance as an energy consuming process by which substances and transported against a concentration gradient as in ion uptake by root hairs and glucose uptake by cells in the villi

  3. Types of Cellular Transport Weeee!!! high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low • Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport cell does use energy • Protein Pumps • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  4. Diffusion across cell membrane • Cell membrane is the boundary between inside & outside… • separates cell from its environment NO! Can it be an impenetrable boundary? OUT waste ammonia salts CO2 H2O products IN food carbohydrates sugars, proteins amino acids lipids salts, O2,H2O OUT IN cell needs materials in & products or waste out

  5. Active Transport • Uses energy • Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration • actively moves molecules to where they are needed • (Low  High)

  6. Direction of Movement of Molecules

  7. low high Active Transport • Cells may need to move molecules against concentration gradient • shape change transports solute from one side of membrane to other • protein “pump” • “costs” energy = ATP conformationalchange ATP “The Doorman”

  8. Active transport • Many models & mechanisms ATP ATP antiport symport

  9. Types of Active Transport • 1. Protein Pumps-transport proteins that require energy to do work • Example: Sodium / Potassium Pumps are important in nerve responses. Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

  10. Types of Active Transport • 2.Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell • Uses energy • Cell membrane in-folds around food particle • “cell eating” • forms food vacuole & digests food • This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

  11. Types of Active Transport 3. Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk • membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane • Cell changes shape – requires energy • EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell

  12. How about large molecules? • Moving large molecules into & out of cell • through vesicles & vacuoles • endocytosis • phagocytosis= “cellular eating” • pinocytosis= “cellular drinking” • exocytosis

  13. The importance of active transport Coupled transportation of glucose and Na+

  14. Water regulation ATP Contractile vacuole in Paramecium

  15. Active Transport in Plants

  16. Active Transport in Animals

  17. Uptake of potassium ion by all cell

  18. Water Potential Gradient in The Uptake of Water by Plant

  19. Nutrient uptake in plants

  20. Summary • Passive Transport • Simple diffusion • diffusion of nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules • lipids • high  low concentration gradient • Facilitated transport • diffusion of polar, hydrophilic molecules • through a protein channel • high  low concentration gradient • Active transport • diffusion against concentration gradient • low  high • uses a protein pump • requires ATP ATP

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