1 / 24

Personality

Personality. Chapter 12 George S. Robinson, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Psychology North Carolina A&T State University. Personality. Personality A relatively stable pattern of behaving, feeling, and thinking that distinguishes one person from another. Personality Tests.

dyan
Download Presentation

Personality

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Personality Chapter 12 George S. Robinson, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Psychology North Carolina A&T State University

  2. Personality • Personality • A relatively stable pattern of behaving, feeling, and thinking that distinguishes one person from another

  3. Personality Tests • Self-Report Inventories • tests in which individuals answer questions about themselves • MMPI - 2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) • 567 true and false questions • 10 clinical scales • CPI (California Psychological Inventory) • 20 scales

  4. MMPI Sample Questions • My father is a good man • My No one seems to understand me • Once in a while I think of things too bad to talk about • I usually feel that life is worthwhile • I go to church almost every week • Someone has it in for me • I have a great deal of stomach trouble • There is something wrong with my mind • I enjoy social gatherings just to be with people • I like to poke fun at people • I used to have imaginary companions

  5. MMPI - profile

  6. Personality Tests - cont. • Projective tests • test that involves the use of unstructured or ambiguous stimuli • TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) • 20 cards of vague black and white images • Rorschach Inkblot Test • 10 symmetrical inkblot cards • Barnum effect • The tendency to accept generalized personality descriptions as accurate descriptions of oneself

  7. TAT

  8. Rorschach

  9. Trait Approaches • Trait • A summary term that describes the tendency to behave, feel, and think in ways that are consistent across different situations • Raymond Cattell • 16PF (sixteen personality factors questionnaire) • same 16 traits can be used to describes everyone, the degree or level of these traits vary from person to person

  10. Trait Approaches - cont. • Hans Eysenck • three basic traits • extraversion: orientation inward or outward • neuroticism: emotional instability, shyness, low self-esteem • psychoticism: aggressiveness, impulsivity, lack of empathy

  11. Trait Approaches - cont. • The “Big Five” Traits • extraversion • assertive, talkative, expressive • agreeableness • easily liked, fundamentally altruistic • conscientiousness • orderly, dependable, responsible • neuroticism • anxious, self-defeating, concerned with adequacy • openness to experience • preference for the new, untried

  12. Biological Factors in Personality • Humors and bumps • Hippocrates and Gall (phrenology) based personality of bile and bumps on the head • Body types • Sheldon based personality on the shape and build of ones body • endomorphs (round) • mesomorphs (rectangular) • ectomorphs (thin) • Sensation seeking • Twin Studies

  13. Sheldon’s Body Types

  14. The Psychodynamic Perspective • Basic Concepts • psychic determinism • all behaviors result from early childhood experiences, especially conflicts related to sexual instincts • instincts • behavior driven by instincts • eros = life-giving, pleasure, sex • thanatos = death, destruction, aggression • Unconscious • part of the personality that lies outside outside of awareness, yet is believed to be a crucial determinant of behavior

  15. Personality Structure

  16. The Structure of the Mind • Id • Pleasure principle • Entirely unconscious • Ego • Reality principle • Executive of the personality • Superego • Morality principle • Conscience, and ego ideal

  17. Defense Mechanisms • Defense mechanism * Unconscious methods of reducing anxiety or guilt • Repression • Denial • Displacement • Projection • Rationalization • Reaction formation • Regression • Sublimation

  18. Stages of Psychosexual Development • Fixation – failure to move from one stage to another as expected • Stages • Oral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  19. Psychosexual Stages – cont. • Oral state (birth – 1 year old) • Gratification via mouth • Oral receptive personality • Oral aggressive personality • Anal stage (1 – 3 years old) • Gratification via defecation • Anal retentive personality • Anal expulsive personality

  20. Psychosexual Stages – cont. • Phallic stage (3 – 6 years old) • Oedipus complex • Boy loves (sexually) mother • Boy is hostile toward father • Boy fears castration (castration anxiety) • Boy identifies with father • Electra complex • Girl loves (sexually) father • Girl is hostile toward mother • Girl envies father’s penis (penis envy) • Girl identifies with mother

  21. Psychosexual Stages – cont. • Latency stage (6 – 11 years old) • Non-sexual focus • School-work and other interests • Genital stage (11 – adulthood) • Appropriate sexual attraction toward the opposite sex

  22. Neo-Freudians • Carl Jung • Much less emphasis on sex • Personal unconscious • Collective unconscious • Archetypes • Karen Horney • Rejected Freud’s emphasis on sex • Personality results from struggles with overcoming basic anxiety • Alfred Adler • Natural feelings of inferiority • Personality results from how we strive to overcome those feelings of inferiority

  23. The Social-Cognitive and Humanistic Perspectives • Rotter’s Social Learning Theory • Expectancy – ones likelihood of success or failure • Locus of control • Internal • External • Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory • Reciprocal determinism • Self-efficacy • Abraham Maslow • Basic needs; physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization • Carl Rogers • Self-concept • Unconditional positive regard • Real self versus the ideal self

  24. The Self-Concept – Social Context Self-concept cont.

More Related