The World in 1500

1. The World in 1500 Mrs. Chen’s 8th grade U.S. Histroy

3. Geography Do Now What are the coordinates(longitude & latitude) of Boston, MA? What is the difference between absolute and relative location? Describe the relative location of your home. How might the physical characteristics of a place influence its human characteristics? Look at the illustrations on pages 4-5. How might Boston’s location on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean have affected its economic development? Judging by the illustrations, how would you answer the question: “What was Boston like?”

5. Map Basics With your elbow partner, use the map of the “War of 1812” on page 7 to answer the following questions: What do the lines and arrows labeled “A” on the map stand for? What symbols are used to represent British and American victories? What does a red arrow represent? What does the orange color on the map indicate? Find other maps about the War of 1812 in your textbook and create a T chart identifying the similarities and differences between the maps.

6. By 1500, Native Americans were divided into hundreds of cultural groups, each adapted to its own environment. • Quick facts: over 2000 languages, some were nomadic hunter-gatherers, many Southeast tribes were matrilineal, slash-and-burn agriculture, spiritual beliefs based on nature • The Iroquois League: In the late 1500s, 5 northern Iroquois nations formed an alliance bringing a long period of peace. • Remember the Aztecs: List 5 facts you remember about the Aztecs The Americas Native: Originally from an area Nomadic: Traveling from one place to another, not settled Matrilineal: Societies in which ancestry is traced through the mother Slash-and-burn agriculture: a farming technique in which farmers chop down and burn the vegetation of a plot of land, the ashes enrich the soil, when the land is worn out, it is abandoned. Alliance: Groups who form a larger pact

8. Africa is the world’s second largest continent • Ghana became the first West African kingdom to grow rich through trade(gold and salt). • North African traders brought Islam to Ghana and many became Muslim • By the 1200s, Mali replaces Ghana. Mansa Musa was a great Mali king who helped the spread of Islam • Songhai ruled next, but was conquered by North Africans • In the late 1400s, the Portuguese set up a trade center near Benin City. Soon after, Europeans began to trade for enslaved Africans West Africa Continent: Any of the world’s main continuous expanses of land (there are 7) Islam: A religion that follows the example of the prophet Muhammad Muslim: A believer and follower of Islam Portuguese: Neighboring European kingdom to Spain on the Iberian Peninsula and leaders of exploration during the 1400 and 1500s Benin City: A great capital trade city located in the delta of the Niger River.

10. By the 1500s, Europe was transitioning from a feudal society to wealthy nations; Dark Ages to Renaissance • The Crusades re-opened trade with the East. • The printing press revolutionized education, dissemination of information, and launched the Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church. • The Enlightenment sparked ideas of nationalism and new governmental structures, such as democracy. Europe Feudal society: A society based on the relationship between a lord and vassal Renaissance: A time in Europe of rebirth of classical learning and flourishing of art The Crusades: A series of wars fought between Christian Europe and Muslim Turks for the Holy Land (Jerusalem) Printing press: invented by Johann Gutenberg, to copy written works faster The Reformation: A major split of the Roman Catholic Church led by Martin Luther Nationalism: The idea/feeling of belonging to a government structure.