Behaviorist and Humanist Theories

1. Behaviorist and Humanist Theories Unit 5 Lesson 4

2. Objectives • Review additional psychoanalytic theories. • Indentify contributions of Thorndike, Skinner, Maslow and Rogers to study of personality. • Compare and contrast behaviorist and humanist theories of personality development.

3. Warm Up • If Freud said that pleasure drives personality formation, what did the others say drives it? • Jung – Collective unconscious • Adler – Inferiority • Erikson – Socialization • Horney - Security

4. Review • Each of you will receive an index card with a term relating to a psychoanalytic theory discussed yesterday. • First, group yourselves according to the theorist who used the term. • Second, go around the circle and define the terms. • Third, compare your illustrations. Choose the best illustration for your theorist and draw it on the board.

5. A Survey… • Give yourself one point for each of the following A responses: • 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13 • Give yourself one point for each of the following B responses: • 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15 • If your A score is higher than 5, you agree more with the behaviorist view of personality. • If you B score is higher than 5, you agree more with the humanist view. • Statement 10 can be interpreted as either view.

6. Behaviorist / Social-Cognitive Models • B.F. Skinner • Response Tendencies - personality results from person’s history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors • Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of behavior • Albert Bandura • Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped through learning • Observational Learning – learn by watching, including vicarious reinforcement and punishment • Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success • Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment

7. Humanistic Theories • Alternative to negative, focus on positive • Born with positive drive to grow & improve (inner-directedness). • Strive for self-determination and self-actualization. • Self-concept reflects perception of who we are and what we’re like.

8. Humanistic Theories • Abraham Maslow • Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full potential once they have satisfied basic needs. • Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of self, openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships w/out dependency, sense of humor,

9. Humanistic Theories • Carl Rogers • Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves • Real vs Ideal Self • Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality • Congruence – fairly accurate match • To become fully functioning person we need to experience • Unconditional Positive Regard - attitude of total acceptance toward another, loved & worthy no matter what • Conditions of worth – requirements for earning positive regard (love) from others

10. Think-Pair-Share • In your notes, won’t be collected so be honest! • Who is your most significant other at this time? • Do you have UPR for this person? Explain. • Does this person have UPR for you? Explain. • Are there conditions of worth in your relationship? If so, what are they?

11. Closure • How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives of personality differ? • Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in dvpt of personality • Humanists emphasize rationality and natural desire to be all we can be • Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories emphasize impact of learning and cognition on dvpt.

12. Homework • Write down three traits or characteristics that best describe you. • Find three other people and ask them what 3 words they would use to describe you.