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Force and Pressure. 1. What are Forces?. A push or pull. Examples of Forces . Squeezing Stretching Twisting Folding. Effects of Forces. Object’s shape changes Object’s size changes Stationary object moves. Effects of Forces. Moving object stops
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What are Forces? • A push or pull
Examples of Forces • Squeezing • Stretching • Twisting • Folding
Effects of Forces • Object’s shape changes • Object’s size changes • Stationary object moves
Effects of Forces • Moving object stops • Moving object speeds up or slows down • Direction of an object’s motion changes
Measuring Forces • S.I unit of force is newton (N) • Spring balance used to measure the amount of force applied
Types of Spring Balance • Extension spring balance • Spring stretches when a pulling force acts on it • Greater force, greater extension • Spring attached to a pointer which indicates the amount of force exerted on the spring
Types of Spring Balance • Compression spring balance • Spring compressed when a pushing force acts on it • Greater force, greater compression • Spring attached to a pointer which indicates the amount of force exerted on the spring
Forces Around Us • Gravity • Friction • Magnetism
Gravity • Gravity is the force that attracts objects to the Earth • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a body • Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on the object
Friction • Frictional force acts when one materials rubs against another • Friction is useful in walking and when applying brakes to stop a car • Constant friction leads to wear and tear • Friction produces heat
Magnetism • Magnetism is the force exerted by a magnet on magnetic materials such as iron and steel • Every magnet has a North pole and a South pole • Like poles repel • Unlike poles attract
What is Pressure? • Amount of force acting on a unit area • A sharp object pierces a surface more easily than a blunt object
Calculating Pressure Pressure = Force Area
Applications of Pressure in Everyday Life • Bulldozer • Can openers • Knife • Plane • Suction cups