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Europe in the 1920s

Europe in the 1920s. Europe in 1919. Germany. From the German Point of View.  Lost—but not forgotten country. Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!. Maimed German WW I Veteran. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory.

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Europe in the 1920s

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  1. Europe in the 1920s

  2. Europe in 1919

  3. Germany

  4. From the German Point of View  Lost—but not forgotten country. • Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone:Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

  5. Maimed German WW I Veteran

  6. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

  7. German “Revolutions” [1918]

  8. German Freikorps

  9. Sparticist Poster

  10. The Spartacist League Rosa Luxemburg[1870-1919]murdered by the Freikorps

  11. Friedrich Ebert:First President of the Weimar Republic

  12. The German Government: 1919-1920

  13. The GermanMark

  14. The German Mark

  15. The French in the Ruhr: 1923

  16. The French Occupation of the Ruhr

  17. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

  18. The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

  19. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

  20. Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

  21. European Debts to the United States

  22. The Dawes Plan (1924)

  23. The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

  24. Weimar Germany: Political Representation[1920-1933]

  25. Italy

  26. Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

  27. Italian Fasces

  28. March on Rome [1922]

  29. Fascist Youth

  30. Lateran Treaty [1929]

  31. England

  32. Ramsay MacDonald: 1924, 1929 Labour Party

  33. Stanley Baldwin Conservative Party

  34. 1926 General Strike Trades Disputes Act (1927): • All general or sympathy strikes were illegal. • It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

  35. France

  36. Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right • He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923. • Pushed for large-scale infrastructure reconstruction programs [counting on German reparations to pay for them]. • After 1926-29: • New taxes & tightened tax collections. • Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc [the threat of runaway inflation was avoided!]

  37. Edouard Herriot & the French Socialists • 1924-1926. • Progressive social reform. • Spoke for the lower classes, small businessmen, and farmers. • Committed to private enterprise and private property. • Fervently anti-clerical.

  38. Collective Security

  39. League of Nations Members

  40. Washington Naval Conference[1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

  41. The Maginot Line

  42. Locarno Pact: 1925

  43. Locarno Pact: 1925 Austin Chamberlain (Br.) GustaveStresemann(Ger.) AristideBriand(Fr.) • Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. • Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

  44. Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 • 15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes. • Problem no way of enforcement.

  45. Art in the 1920s

  46. George Grosz Grey Day(1921) DaDa

  47. George Grosz The Pillars of Society(1926) DaDa

  48. Picasso  Studio with Plaster Head [1925] Cubism

  49. Georges Braque  Still Life LeJeur [1929] Cubism

  50. Walter Gropius  Bauhaus Bldg. [1928] Bauhaus

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