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The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration. MesoAmerica North American Colonies. BACKGROUND. Rise of Monarchies Kings and queens paid for the exploration trips Prestige More territory Printing Press Fed rise of humanism Access to books, more people read accounts of new lands

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The Age of Exploration

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  1. The Age of Exploration MesoAmerica North American Colonies

  2. BACKGROUND • Rise of Monarchies • Kings and queens paid for the exploration trips • Prestige • More territory • Printing Press • Fed rise of humanism • Access to books, more people read accounts of new lands • Scientific and intellectual inquiry • Access to maps, navigation tools

  3. BACKGROUND • How did it start? • Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal • Started a school of navigation in 1420 • Didn’t sail, but planned voyages and analyzed their reports • Astronomers, geographers, mathematicians shared info with Portuguese sailors and shipbuilders. • Expert mapmakers updated maps/charts

  4. GEOGRAPHY

  5. GEOGRAPHY • How did geography play a factor in the pursuit of new lands? • The Turks blocked the trade route from the Mediterranean Sea to the land route to Asia. • Crusades—European countries tried to regain control of holy sites that had been taken over by the Muslims and were exposed to trade items. • Portugal—They didn’t have a Mediterranean port location and needed an option. • Arabs’ prices were too high. (Middle Man)

  6. SOCIAL • European explorers conquered three major MesoAmerican empires, greatly changing their lives and destinies: • Aztecs • Mayans • Incas • All three empires easily conquered • Feared white man: armor, guns = gods • Unrest within

  7. SOCIAL: AZTEC SPRITE • 1200 AD – 1535 AD • G: Central Mexico • Built capital city of Tenochtitlan • Legend: priest had dream, locate city where he found an eagle holding a snake in his claws on top of a cactus. • Mexico City • Modern day Mexican flag • S: Ruler, priests and nobles, warriors merchants and artisans, farmers, and slaves • P: Empire ruled by emperor

  8. SOCIAL: AZTEC SPRITE • R: Religion was polytheistic: Believed in many gods. • Used human sacrifices to please the gods. • I: Created writing system using hieroglyphics. • T: Built irrigation for crops • E: Traded cacao beans, tools, clothes, jewelry at local markets; caravans to present day Guatemala, Belize, Honduras

  9. SOCIAL: MAYA SPRITE 200 AD – 900’s AD • G: Southern Mexico into Central America • S: Social Classes based on birth • P: Built city-states ruled by kings. • R: Polytheistic; Used humans as sacrifice

  10. SOCIAL: MAYA SPRITE • I: Very accomplished: • Studied stars • Developed calendar • Created writing system using hieroglyphics • Invented system of mathematics with concept of 0 • T: Built pyramids as temples • E: Traded among empire/city-states • As currency, cacao beads gave way to stone beads • Gold, jade and copper = more expensive items

  11. SOCIAL: INCA SPRITE • 1200 AD – 1535 AD • G: Modern day Peru along Pacific Ocean • S: “Inka” means ruler • Adapted to Inca by Spanish conquistadors to refer the people of the area, not the ruler or his family • Inca a patchwork of people from different lands • P: Government run by emperor • Civil war within empire favored Spanish conquest • R: Polytheistic • Believed in reincarnation

  12. SOCIAL: INCA SPRITE • I: Architecture most important of Inca arts • Machu Picchu • Temples constructed using mortar less construction • knife couldn’t fit between! • T: Built vast network of roads and bridges • Terrace farming • E: Traded within empire • High degree of central planning: govt planned for citizens needs

  13. POLITICAL • Treaty of Tordesillas(Line of Demarcation) • Spain got the West (new world) and Portugal got the East (old world) • This is why Brazilians speak Portuguese but the rest of SA speaks Spanish

  14. POLITICAL

  15. POLITICAL • OCEAN EXPLORERS • Spain • Columbus: Carribean • Vespucci: South American coast; “Americas” • deBalboa: Hiked mountains; first to see Pacific • Magellan: circumnavigated world; named Pacific • Portugal • Dias: Explored Africa • DaGama: Sailed around tip of Africa to India • Cabral: Explored Brazilian coast; sailed on to India

  16. POLITICAL • INLAND EXPLORERS • Cortez-(Mexico) Conquered the Aztecs, put the Aztec emperor, Montezuma in prison. • Pizarro-(Peru) Conquered the Incas, executed their leader, Atahualpa. • Spanish explorers were known as conquistadors • They received grants, or special permission, to explore and claim land.

  17. POLITICAL • NORTH AMERICAN EXPLORERS • Henry Hudson Sailed for England & Holland/Netherlands Hudson River (NYC) named for him • Pilgrims • See religion 

  18. RELIGION • MesoAmerica • Native Americas = polytheistic • Europeans = monotheistic / CHRISTIAN, considered Indian ways barbaric • ENCOMIENDA: Spanish granted land & Native Americans to colonists in South America. In return, convert Indians to Christianity • Result = Disease, overwork killed millions of Indians • Lends itself to African slave trade

  19. RELIGION • North America • Pilgrims leave England to escape religious persecution • Settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts • Indians taught Pilgrims to hunt/fish • Pilgrims still wary/distrusted Indians • Long term = leads to displacement of Indians from their land • Trail of Tears

  20. INTELLECTUAL/TECHNOLOGY What were technology changes that increased exploration? • Better ships • triangular sail, sturdy rudder • Better tools • Astrolabe, magnetic compass • Better maps • Cartographer—a person who makes/studies maps Included ocean currents and latitude lines

  21. ECONOMIC • Columbian Exchange • Exchange of plants, animals between continents • Provided new goods to sell, new means of transportation • Also brought diseases: killed millions of Indians • Mercantilism • Economic principal: nation’s strength depended on its wealth • Intense competition between nations 1500-1600’s

  22. ECONOMIC

  23. Wrap Up: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Foldable

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