The Human Body…What is it? How does it work? Let’s operate and find out! BY SEEMIN MUNIR

1. The Human Body…What is it? How does it work? Let’s operate and find out! BY SEEMIN MUNIR

2. Objective: Students will learn that the body is make up of cells tissues, organs and different systems; the importance of the skeletal and muscular system; locate the major organs of the body; and know beneficial nutritional habits. Curriculum: Gasconade County R-2 Schools

3. Cells: the basic buibding blocks Respiratory System Human Body Digestive System Nutrition Nervous System Muscular System Skeletal System Circulatory System

4. What is the body made of? The body is made up of millions of individual cells. Each cell has a special job to do and works with the others. Let’s take a look. Living_Cell__The.asf

5. Cell Summary - all living things are made of cells -the body is made up of millions ofcells, all working together -there are different types of cells -groups of cells that work together to carry out a job form tissue. Example: muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue. -cells have different parts -cell wall: covers the cell, but lets things in and out -cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell that contains chemicals that help keep the cell running -nucleus: the control center of the cell; it runs the cell

6. The Nervous System- Control Central Headquarters • The human brain is growing! In 1860 the average weight of a male brain was 3 lbs. Now a man’s brain weighs an average of 3 1/8 lbs. • There are around 30,000 million nerve cells in the body. • A nerve cell can transmit 1,000 nerve impulses each second A Slice of Brain Viewer

7. Your brain controls everything you do, like blinking, breathing, talking, walking, letting you know if something is hot or cold, seeing, feeling, hearing, tasting, smelling, making sure all the organs inside you work together, standing, sitting. along with thousands of other things. It is and amazing organ, and like the rest of your body is made up of specialized cells. In fact, your brain makes it possible to watch this

8. Nervous System Summary The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system -your brain controls everything you do – whether you think about doing it (like drawing a picture), or not (like breathing and blinking) -this is the body’s information gatherer, storage enter, and control center -the main function fo the nervous system is to collect information on how the body is doing, and what it needs, it sends a response to meet those needs -the nervous system uses electronic impulses which travel along the length of cells. These impulses travel up to 250 miles per hour!

9. Skeletal System (Front View) The Skeletal System is an important part of your body. It gives you shape, helps protect your important internal organs, and assists you in moving. The Skeletal System

10. The bones and muscles, two different systems that work together. Check this out to see how it’s done. \\3-5_s\staff\3-5hinch\Smartboard\Science\Real_World_Science__Skeletal_and_Muscular_Systems.asf

11. …and if that one didn’t fill your head with enough information about how the muscles and bones work together, try this clip! \\3-5_s\staff\3-5hinch\Smartboard\Science\Inside_Story_with_Slim_Goodbody__The__The_Team_That_Hustles__The_Story_of_Your_Bones_and_Muscles.asf

12. Skeletal System Summary --your bones give your body shape -your skeleton allows you to move with the help of your muscles -your rib cage protects important internal organs -babies are boorn with 270 soft bones that fuse together by age 25 into 206 hard permanent bones -some bones produce red blood cells (carry oxygen) and others produce white blood cells (fight harmful bacteria in the body)

13. Here are some cool facts about muscles. • Muscles are bundles of cells and fibers. • Muscles work in a very simple way. All they do is tighten up--that is, contract--and relax. • You have two sets of muscles attached to many of your bones which allow them to move. • There are 630 active muscles in your body and they act in groups. • Muscles can only pull. They never push Muscular System - Human Anatnomy Online

14. Muscular System Summary • -Muscles are attached to bones by tendons and other tissues which allow us to move in many ways • muscles are connected to the brain and spinal cord by many nerves • -muscles can only pull they cannot push • -there are 3 types of muscles • cardiac muscle (found only in the heart) – pumps blood through the body -smooth muscle – surrounds or are part of internal organs, they are involuntary (you can’t control them) -skeletal muscle – carries out voluntary actions (you can control them) the most common type, make up 23% of women’s and 40% of men’s body weight

15. The Cardiovascular System includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps the blood and the vessels carry it throughout the body. The blood carries oxygen to the body and carries carbondioxide away from the body.

16. Operation Air Intake: The heart works together with the lungs to get oxygen to the body. Watch this cool operation.

17. The main job of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the blood.

18. Cardiovascular/RespiratorySystem Summary Cardiovascular system – heart, blood vessels -blood is the sticky, red fluid that goes through the body, taking oxygen and collecting carbon dioxide using veins and arteries -the heart pumps the blood through the body Respiratory system -organs responsible for taking oxygen from the air to the blood steam and getting rid of carbon dioxide like the lungs, nose, and mouth Both of these systems are very important to life and breathing. Both are done automatically and controlled by the brain.

19. When you eat, your body digests the food so your cells can use it to make energy. • Acids and enzymes eat away at the surface of food to break it down. • The small intestine is where food is broken down into molecules tiny enough for the body cells to use. • In the villi are tiny tubes that carry blood called VESSELS. Food molecules are taken into these blood vessels. Once the food is in the blood, it can travel all over the body. The Digestive System

20. Good Nutrition – What is good nutrition? Wht should you eat? How much should you eat? How do you know what’s good for you? Watch and get the scoop on what’s best for you.

21. Digestive System Summary -the digestive system is a group of organs whose job is to break down food so it can be used to make energy for the body - the system also builds and replaces • cells and atissues which are constantly dying. • digestion begins in the mouth. The teeth grind up the food . The tongue detects “good’ and “bad” flavors and helps move food around the mouth and down the throat. Saliva (spit) ehlps with chewing and swallowing and starts digestion. Food goes down the throat to the stomach shere chemicals break the food down to be used by the body for energy, building blocks for cells and tissues, and some is stored for later use. The food passes through the small and large intestine where nutrients are absorbed. The parts of food that cannot be used are passed out of the body.

22. Nutrition

23. Top • Bread, Grain, Cereal and Pasta Form the BaseAt the base of the food pyramid, you’ll see the group that contains breads, grains, cereals and pastas. These foods provide complex carbohydrates, which are an important source of energy, especially for a low-fat meal plan. You can make many low-fat choices from foods in this group. You’ll need 6 to 11 servings of these foods in a day. One serving of this group can be: • 1 slice of bread • 1/2 cup of rice, cooked cereal or pasta • 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal • 1 flat tortilla • Try to eat whole-grain breads, cereal and pasta for most of your servings from this group. Whole-grain foods (which are made with whole wheat flour) are less processed and retain more valuable vitamins, minerals and fiber than foods made with white flour. When you purchase whole-grain foods, look for breads and pastas with "stoneground whole wheat flour" as the first ingredient, because some "wheat" breads may be white breads with only caramel coloring added.

24. Fruits and VegetablesFruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients. Many are excellent sources of vitamin A, vitamin C, folate or potassium. They are low in fat and sodium and high in fiber. The Food Pyramid suggests 3 to 5 servings of vegetables each day. One serving of vegetables can be: • 1 cup of raw leafy vegetables • 1/2 cup of other vegetables, cooked or raw • 3/4 cup of vegetable juice • The Food Pyramid suggests 2 to 4 servings of fruit each day. One serving of fruit can be: • One medium apple, orange or banana • 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked or canned fruit • 3/4 cup of fruit juice • Count only 100% fruit juice as a fruit, and limit juice consumption. Many commercial bottled juices come in containers that hold more than 2 servings – which can add lots of sugar and calories to your daily diet. Punches, ades and most fruit "drinks" have only a bit of juice and lots of sugar. Fruit sodas are sugary drinks, and they don’t count as fruit, either.

25. Beans, Eggs, Lean Meat and FishMeat, poultry and fish supply protein, iron and zinc. Non-meat foods such as dried peas and beans also provide many of these nutrients. The Food Pyramid suggests 2 to 3 servings of cooked meat, fish or poultry. Each serving should be between 2 and 3 ounces. The following foods count as one ounce of meat: • One egg • 2 tablespoons of peanut butter • 1/2 cup cooked dry beans • 1/3 cup of nuts • Choose lean meat, fish and dry beans and peas often because these are the lowest in fat. Remove skin from poultry and trim away visible fat on meat. Avoid frying these foods. Moderation is the watchword when it comes to nuts because they are high in fat.

26. Dairy ProductsProducts made with milk provide protein and vitamins and minerals, especially calcium. The Food Pyramid suggests 2 to 3 servings each day. If you are breastfeeding, pregnant, a teenager or a young adult age 24 or under, try to have 3 servings. Most other people should have 2 servings daily. Interestingly, cottage cheese is lower in calcium that most other cheeses - one cup counts as only 1/2 serving of milk. Go easy on high-fat cheese and ice cream. Choose non-fat milk and yogurt and cheeses made from skim milk because they are lowest in fat.

27. Fats and SweetsA food pyramid's tip is the smallest part, so the fats and sweets in the top of the Food Pyramid should comprise the smallest percentage of your daily diet. The foods at the top of the food pyramid should be eaten sparingly because they provide calories but not much in the way of nutrition. These foods include salad dressings, oils, cream, butter, margarine, sugars, soft drinks, candies and sweet desserts. How Much Can You Feed Your Sweet Tooth?Sugars found naturally in fruits and milk are not a problem. It’s the added sugars that need to be limited because they provide calories but few vitamins and minerals. You’ll find sugar-laden food at the top of the Food Pyramid. Added sugars can be found in soft drinks, candy, jams, jellies, syrups and table sugar we add to coffee and cereal. Added sugar can also appear in sweetened yogurt, soups, spaghetti sauces, applesauce and other items where you wouldn’t suspect it unless you check the list of ingredients.

28. Making good food choices are important to give the body energy and the resources it needs to grow. Check out the video and see the benefits of eating healthy foods.. ..\..\Science\Food_and_Nutrition_2.asf

29. Nutrition Summary -carbohydrates (breads, grains and pastas provide energy, 6 –11 servings every day -fruits and vegetables provide important nutrients and vitamins, 3 – 5 of vegetable servings a day, 2 –4 servings of fruit -beans eggs,lean meat and fish provide protein, 2 –3 servings a day -dairy products provide vitamins and minerals, espicially calcium. 2 – 3 servings a day -fats and sweets provide calories, but little nutrition, eat in small amounts

30. Let’s see if you would make a good surgeon and can remember where some basic information about the body would belong. See if you can put the words and facts under the system where they belong.

31. References: Page 1 – picture – Microsoft Clip Art Page 2 – picture – Microsoft Clip Art Page 3 – Clipart – Microsoft Clip Art Page 4 – Unitedstreaming.com Page 6 - A Slice of Brain -http://www.mabot.com/brain/, picture - http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/local/suminst/bbi02/forum2.html Page 7 – video –” The Smart Parts: The Story of Your Brain add Nervous System” – Unitedstreaming.com Page 9 - http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm Page 10 – “Real Word Science – Skeletal and Muscular Systems” – Unitedstreaming .com Page11 - “The Team that Hustles” – Unitedstreaming.com Muscular System – Human Anatomy Online - http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html Page 13 muscle facts - http://www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/muscularsystem.html Human muscles – Microsoft Clip Art Page 15 – Cardiovascular system picture - http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/systems/cardio/index.html Page 16 – “Real World Science – Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems” – Unitedstreaming.com Page 17 - http://fi.edu/biosci/systems/respiration.html Page 19 – Diagram - http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/digestive/ Informati5n - http://www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/digestivesystem.html

32. Page 20 – Good Nutrition video – Unitedstreaming.com Pages 22 – 27 Nutrition http://www.lifeclinic.com/focus/nutrition/food-pyramid.asp Page 28 - video – “Food and Nutrition 2” - Unitedstreaming.com