The United States in World War II

1. The United States in World War II Chapter 25

2. Essential Question • Is there any ethical problem (is it wrong) to play war games of battles that really happened or watch movies like Saving Private Ryan for entertainment?

3. Mobilizing for Defense 25-1

4. Selective Service and the G.I. • G.I. – Government Issue • The nickname given to enlisted WWII soldiers • Selective Service – the draft • Men who did not sign up for the military were called to military service

7. Women in the Military • George Marshall: Army Chief of Staff • Started the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps • Organized women to do non-combat work for the army in WWII

13. Discrimination in the Military • African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans were put into segregated troops and given the worst military jobs • Huge groups of these soldiers volunteered for the war • It was ironic to segregate troops while fighting to liberate people from unfair leaders

14. Filipino Troops

15. War Production • Car factories in the US shut down and were used for making tanks, planes, boats, and command cars • Many factories went from making household goods to things needed in the war • With millions of men going to fight, millions of women took over work in the factories

16. Women in Factories • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhswqZh2Rc4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgpvKXLTwr8

17. African Americans at Home • Still given the worst jobs in factories • Asa Philip Randolph: a labor leader who planned a huge march on Washington to protest poor treatment of African Americans in factories • FDR said if Randolph called off the march he would work to end discrimination in the workplace

18. War Science • Office of Scientific Research and Development • Created by FDR in 1941 • Developed better sonar and radar • Developed the use of DDT against insects • Developed drugs like penicillin that saved soldiers • Worked to develop the atomic bomb

19. Manhattan Project • Group of top scientists in New York who worked to create the atomic bomb

21. Office of Price Administration Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents Rationed foods such as meat, butter, cheese, veggies, sugar, and coffee Government Agencies Control the Economy (1942-1945)

22. National War Labor Board Limited Wage Increases Allowed negotiated benefits (vaca, pensions, insurance) Kept unions stable by forbidding workers from changing unions Government Agencies Control the Economy (1942-1945)

23. War Production Board Dept. of Treasury Revenue Act of 1942 Rationed fuel important materials Issued War Bonds to raise $ Extended income tax to raise $ Government Agencies Control the Economy (1942-1945)

24. Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943) Limited the right to strike in industries crucial to the war effort Gave President the power to take over factories that were in strike Government Agencies Control the Economy (1942-1945)

25. 25-2 The War for Europe and North Africa FDR and Churchill had an alliance so America focused on the War in Europe first.

26. Battle of the Atlantic (’42-’43) • Germans tried to stop food and materials from crossing from America to England or the Soviet Union • Jan-Apr 1942: Germans sank 87 Am. Ships • Apr-Aug 1942: Germans sank 594 more • US ships started traveling in convoy’s surrounded by destroyers and airplanes • This helped the US sink German U-Boats and win the Atlantic • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bB8GNHxf__A

28. Battle of Stalingrad (In Soviet Union) • Timeline: • June 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union • Nov. 1941: Bitter cold stops fighting • Spring 1942: fighting starts back up • June 1942: Germans winning in south • Aug. 1942: Germans reach Stalingrad

30. Battle of Stalingrad • Fall/Winter 1942: • Germans fight house to house combat; • Winter sets in (bitter cold); • Hitler orders them to stay there; they had destroyed all the houses • The horrible winter kills many and they surrender to the Soviet Union • Soviets Lost 1,100,000 soldiers at Stalingrad

31. Battle in North Africa • North African countries were under Axis control • The Allies invaded N. Africa while Stalingrad was going on • They won back N. Africa and called for unconditional surrender: they had to agree to whatever the Allies said • Dwight Eisenhower: American General who commanded Allied Troops in N. Africa

32. Battle in Italy • While the battle in N. Africa was still happening, the Allies decided to attack Italy next. • They quickly won Sicily and were successful in Italy at first • They made Benito Mussolini resign and many Italian people were very happy

33. Battle in Italy • Germany stepped in and fought the Allies in Italy • This kept Italy from being taken back by the Allies until 1945 (End of WWII) • “Bloody Anzio”: a terrible battle just outside Rome that lasted 4 months • 30,000 Axis and 25,000 Allied casualties • Allied forces of all races fought for Italy

34. Strategy of Operation Overlord • Many troops parachuted behind German lines and thousands stormed the beaches of Normandy • General Omar Bradley made a gap in the German line with a massive air and land bombardment • General George Patton led The Third Army through the gap and advanced into Paris

40. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU4p7UQOtU

41. The Battle of the Bulge • October 1944 • Americans/Allies were invading Germany • Germans attacked the Belgium port of Antwerp • December 1944 • German tanks made it 60 miles into the Allied lines making a bulge in the lines

42. The Battle of the Bulge • SS Troopers: Elite Nazi Soldiers • Captured 120 American GI’s • Herded them into a field and shot them all

43. The Battle of the Bulge • After 1 month fighting, Germans were pushed back but had serious losses • 120,000 Troops • 600 Tanks • 1,600 Planes • Germans were forced to retreat from all combat

44. Liberation of Death Camps • Allies were working east into German and Soviets were working west through Poland • July 1944: First death camp was liberated by the Soviets (Majdanek: name of camp) • SS Guards tried to burn evidence, but they could not do it in time • Soldiers found 1,000 starving people, the largest crematorium in the world, and 800,000 pairs of shoes from those who were killed

45. V-E Day • V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day • April 25, 1945: • Berlin was under attack • Hitler Married Eva Braun • Hitler wrote his last address to the German people

46. Hitler’s Last Address • Blamed Jews for starting WWII • Blamed Generals for losing WWII • Said that he and Braun would choose death over the disgrace of being captured by the Allies • Both killed themselves the next day • He shot himself, she drank poison

47. V-E Day • The Germans surrendered unconditionally on May 8, 1945 • This was V-E Day, Victory in Europe Day • FDR died on April 12, 1945 and never lived to see any of this • Harry S. Truman (VP under FDR) took over as President of the United States at the end of WWII

48. 25-3 War in the Pacific

49. Military Action Significance WWII in the Pacific Philippines Japanese victory destroyed the myth of white supremacy in Asia. Doolittle’s raid American spirits lifted by the Tokyo bombing. Midway Damaged Japanese air power Leyte Gulf Reduced Japanese navy to minor role Okinawa Allowed attack on Japan itself Hiroshima America is first to use the atomic bomb. Nagasaki Led to Japan’s surrender

50. Philippines • The Japanese won the islands from the Americans • This proved Japan’s power and it took away a major port for America