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This guy is Shepard Fairey

This guy is Shepard Fairey. He designed this, which some people think is cool. The “obey giant” was taken from this newspaper ad for a wrestling event…. for this real life guy, André the Giant…. where the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone….

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This guy is Shepard Fairey

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  1. This guy is Shepard Fairey He designed this, which some people think is cool. The “obey giant” was taken from this newspaper ad for a wrestling event… for this real life guy, André the Giant… where the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone… who was a man who had the endocrine disease acromegaly… which is the same hormone that athletes illegally use to “juice” with…

  2. Shepard Fairey is also well known for these…

  3. Biology Journal 3/31/2014 The menstrual cycle is regulated by 4 hormones. It “begins” with menstrual bleeding, and repeats about every 28 days. What could be some reasons for this bleeding? Why does it happen? Bleeding is when the uterus gets rid of the endometrium lining. This lining is what the uterus prepares to be the placenta, providing blood-borne nutrients to the baby, if the woman becomes pregnant.

  4. Biology Journal 4/1/2014 Right before ovulation, the hormones _________, _________, and _________ reach their highest concentration. The leftover part of the follicle that released the egg, now called the corpus luteum, releases the hormone _________, which causes the build up of the lining of the _________, called the endometrium. This will be shed during _________, if a female is not _________.

  5. Biology Journal 4/1/2014 Right before ovulation, the hormones estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) reach their highest concentration. The leftover part of the follicle that released the egg, now called the corpus luteum, releases the hormone progesterone which causes the build up of the lining of the uterus called the endometrium. This will be shed during the mensturationif a female is not pregnant.

  6. Biology Journal 4/2/2014 What is the release of an egg (ovum) from the ovary called? What is the structure called that develops this egg? What does this structure turn into after releasing an egg?

  7. Biology Journal 4/2/2014 What is the release of an egg (ovum) from the ovary called? Ovulation This is also when a female is most fertile. What is the structure called that develops this egg? Follicle Immature eggs are called oocytes. What does this structure turn into after releasing an egg? Corpus luteum This begins to make progesterone, before completely breaking down.

  8. Biology Journal 4/3/2014 List the structures that a sperm cell passes through from spermatogenesis, to when it is released out of the penis through ejaculation. 1. Testicle, where spermatogenesis happens. 2. Epididymis the cells mature 3. Carried along vas deferens, where it passes through 2 glands… 4. Seminal vesicle adds fructose and mucus 5. Prostateadds fluids to neutralize acid in vagina 6. Urethra carries sperm through the… 7. Penis where it exits the body

  9. Biology Journal 4/4/2014 What makes FSH and LH? The pituitary gland in the brain. What do FSH and LH make happen? They cause the formation of a follicle, and then ovulation. What makes estrogen? The follicle What makes progesterone? The corpus luteum(the follicle turns into the corpus luteum after it ovulates) What do estrogen and progesterone do? They develop and maintain the endometrium layer in the uterus. (When these hormones disappear, the endometrium dies and is released through menstruation)

  10. Biology Journal 4/7/2014 What is IVF? How does it work? What are some arguments for and against it?

  11. Mr. Lawton needs your first IA in digital format! This will benefit you, too! Submit it to turnitin.com and Mr. Lawton will keep it for you forever… (and you will want it later)

  12. 6.6 Reproduction

  13. What are the male sex cells called? Sperm, aka spermatozoa, aka male gamete Review! What are the female sex cells called? Eggs, or oova (when mature), or oocyte (when immature), aka female gamete What is a haploid cell? These have a half set of DNA (23 chromosomes in humans) What is a diploid cell? These have a full set of DNA (46 chromosomes in humans)

  14. Mitosis What kind of cells does mitosis make? Mitosis starts with a body cell (diploid) and makes another identical body cell (diploid). 1 → 2 cells (identical) Review! Meiosis What kind of cells does meiosis make? Mitosis starts with a body cell (diploid) and makes 4 haploid cells that are all different. 1 → 4 cells(not identical, half DNA)

  15. Gametes are haploid sex cells that fuse through fertilization in sexual reproduction to form a diploid embryo. Whoa, that’s a lot of science vocabulary. Does it make sense to you?

  16. A sperm cell’s journey… Spermatogenesis in a testicle Maturation in epididymis Carried along vas deferens Fructose and mucus picked up at seminal vesicle Prostate adds fluids to neutralize acid in vagina Ejaculation through penis, through the urethra

  17. About 250 million sperm cells are released during one male ejaculation!

  18. Bladder Stores urine (not a reproductive organ) Seminal Vesicle Adds fructose and mucus to sperm Prostate Adds fluids to neutralize acid in vagina to sperm Urethra Duct for urine or sperm Vas Deferens Sperm travels through this tube during ejaculation Penis Enters vagina to deliver sperm Epididymis Newly formed sperm mature / stored here Testicle Spermatogenesis happens here

  19. What is this kind of chart called? Review! It’s a karyotype, a picture of all of a person’s chromosomes What can we determine about the person from this chart? We can determine that it is a male (XY sex chromosomes) and that this person has down syndrome (trisomy 21)

  20. 6.6.4 List 3 functions of testosterone in males. 1. Pre-natal development of male sex organs SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes a surge of testosterone in the developing baby, causing a penis and testes to develop. If Y chromosome is present, it’s SRY gene causes testosterone surge If Y chromosome is absent, no testosterone surge occurs 6 week old embryo (has no gender yet)

  21. 6.6.4List 3 functions of testosterone in males. 2. Secondary sexual characteristics in puberty Increased muscle mass, pubic and body hair, male grows taller, voice deepens, increased aggression, sperm production begins. Testosterone released during puberty Testosterone released during puberty Testosterone released during puberty

  22. 6.6.4List 3 functions of testosterone in males. 3. Sex Drive and Aggression Testosterone increases male sex drive and makes sperm production constant for his entire life. Aggression is likely an evolutionary adaptation for hunting, defense, and mate competition.

  23. FSH Stimulates oocyte (immature egg) development Pituitary Hormones LH Also stimulates oocyte development. Causes ovulation These hormones are released by the pituitary gland. Estrogen Develops endometrium Progesterone Maintains endometrium. Stays high during pregnancy. Menstruation happens when this hormone falls off. Hormones of Ovaries These hormones are released by the ovaries.

  24. Menstruation

  25. Uterus Holds fetus and placenta during pregnancy Oviduct (aka Fallopian Tube) Egg (or embryo, if fertilized) travels to uterus *Female reproductive organs do not share a passageway with urinary system, like it does in males. Ovary Eggs and follicles develop here Muscle Wall Contracts to push out fetus and dead endometrium Cervix Creates seal to block infections. However, sperm, menstrual fluid, and babies pass through it Endometrium Redevelops every menstrual cycle, turns into placenta during pregnancy Vagina Passageway for penis and fetus. Is acidic, to discourage infections

  26. The Birth Control Pill • Red pill • It’s a placebo (no hormones) • Menstruation happens on regular basis at this time • Blue Pill • It’s made with estrogen and progestin (synthetic progesterone) • When these hormones are high, the pituitary gland thinks the body is pregnant, so no ovulation occurs (thus no ability to become pregnant)

  27. Cramps! If no fertilization (and pregnancy) occurs, the endometrium needs to be shed and replaced with a new one. • The endometrium breaks down as progesterone levels drop (because the corpus luteum, which makes progesterone, degenerates) • The uterus muscle contracts, restricting blood flow to the endometrium, helping to kill the endometrium cells, and then keeps contracting to force them out of the cervix. Up to 50% of women experience menstrual cramps, with around 15% suffering from severe pain. This is known as dysmenorrhea. Type I dysmenorrhea begins in puberty. Type II begins much later and could be a sign of an internal health problem.

  28. Male Female Sperm cells start here and travel from… Which stands for Contains a gland called the Which makes a 2 hormones called… function Pituitary Gland to the… Which stands for function These 2 hormones stimulate the ovary to make a structure that will eventually release an egg; this structure is called a. to the… makes a hormone called function Vas Deferens to the… The egg is eventually released; this is called Which causes the uterus to build the function to the… The leftover follicle changes into a structure called the function Which causes the uterus to maintain the It makes a hormone called to the… Progesterone function to the… If the egg is fertilized, then the endometrium becomes the If the egg is not fertilized, then there is a decrease in the level of the hormone function and then travels through the female’s cervix, uterus, and fallopian tube to find an egg Ejaculation happens, and sperm first enters the female’s Which will produce the hormone This causes the endometrium to die; it will be pushed out by contractions of the and provide nutrients to the embryo for about 9 months until the uterus contracts, pushing the fetus out through the and will exit through the vagina in a process called

  29. Male Female Brain Sperm cells start here and travel from… Which stands for Spermatogenesis happens here Contains a gland called the Follicle stimulating hormone FSH Testicle Which makes a 2 hormones called… function Pituitary Gland to the… Which stands for Luteinizing hormone LH Sperm matures here and is stored until ejaculation Epididymis These 2 hormones stimulate the ovary to make a structure that will eventually release an egg; this structure is called a. function to the… Sperm travels through this tube during ejacultion makes a hormone called Follicle Estrogen Vas Deferens function to the… The egg is eventually released; this is called Which causes the uterus to build the Adds fructose (a sugar for sperm food) and mucus (to lubricate sperm) Seminal vesicle function Ovulation Endometrium to the… Adds fluids that neutralize the acids in the vagina, to help the sperm survive The leftover follicle changes into a structure called the Prostate Which causes the uterus to maintain the function It makes a hormone called to the… Corpus Luteum Progesterone A duct shared between urine and sperm Urethra function to the… If the egg is not fertilized, then there is a decrease in the level of the hormone If the egg is fertilized, then the endometrium becomes the Enters the vagina, delivering the sperm and semen Penis function Progesterone Placenta and then travels through the female’s cervix, uterus, and fallopian tube to find an egg Ejaculation happens, and sperm first enters the female’s This causes the endometrium to die; it will be pushed out by contractions of the Which will produce the hormone Progesterone Uterus Vagina and provide nutrients to the embryo for about 9 months until the uterus contracts, pushing the fetus out through the and will exit through the vagina in a process called Menstruation Vagina

  30. Bladder Stores urine (not a reproductive organ) Seminal Vesicle Adds fructose and mucus to sperm Prostate Adds fluids to neutralize acid in vagina to sperm Urethra Duct for urine or sperm Vas Deferens Sperm travels through this tube during ejaculation Penis Enters vagina to deliver sperm Epididymis Newly formed sperm mature / stored here Testicle Spermatogenesis happens here

  31. Uterus Holds fetus and placenta during pregnancy Oviduct (aka Fallopian Tube) Egg (or embryo, if fertilized) travels to uterus *Female reproductive organs do not share a passageway with urinary system, like it does in males. Ovary Eggs and follicles develop here Muscle Wall Contracts to push out fetus and dead endometrium Cervix Creates seal to block infections. However, sperm, menstrual fluid, and babies pass through it Endometrium Redevelops every menstrual cycle, turns into placenta during pregnancy Vagina Passageway for penis and fetus. Is acidic, to discourage infections

  32. What is going on in the uterus at these times? Uterine walls are “empty” Endometrium is building up, and up and up… Menstruation (endometrium is shed)

  33. What is going on in the ovaries at these times? Follicle turns into corpus luteum Ovulation Follicle matures Corpus luteumdisappears Follicle appears What hormone does the follicle make? Estrogen What hormone does the corpus luteum make? Progesterone

  34. At what time is a female most fertile? Why? Right before and after ovulation a female is most fertile. It is at this time that she has released a “fresh” egg, and afterwards the egg dies. Therefore, right before and after menstruation is when she is least fertile. Most fertile

  35. Quiz, Quiz Trade • Put your name and hour on the front of the note card (the side with lines). • Write 3 questions that you think will be on the test on the front of the note card. • Look at the topics guide • Look at your old journals and notes • Look at your review guides • Write the answers to these 3 questions on the back side of the note card.

  36. Why is Quiz, Quiz, Trade a great activity? In order to create 3 questions, you are forced to carefully anticipate what you think is on the test. You have to consider everything we studied, and decide what is most important. You’ll discover what other students thought was important. You have the potential to quiz yourself on at least 100 questions! So take advantage of it!

  37. IB Biology REVIEW sessions! Putting your hand on your head! Learn important study habits such as: Pointing at things in a book! TuesdaysandThursdays Room 301 SL AND HL 3:00-4:30 Starting 4/8/2014 Clearly sitting in everyone’s way!

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