Institutional Arrangement for STD in Selected Chinese Cities

1. Institutional Arrangement for STD in Selected Chinese Cities Wang Yuanqing BRT research center, Chang`An University.

2. The capital of Shaanxi province and once called Chang `an, a historical famous city of the civilized world. One of the most famous traveling city, the traveling gross income reaches 13.5% in whole city’s GDP. Scenic sites, such as Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses (the world eighth big miracle reputation ), Bell tower, Big wild goose pagoda are absorbing places. One of the most important basis of higher education in China. 45Universities covered a large research field Fast development makes its transportation system work hard My City Xi'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda Bell tower Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses

3. Under the Ministry of Education’s Directly administration, Being one of the State "211 Project" key development universities, Its characteristic and superiority mainly on highway and Traffic, Automobile, Geology, Architectonics, etc. Highway and traffic College, including Highway construction, Bridge construction, Traffic engineering Department and 3 famous laboratories, Being an important technique base for national freeway system and urban road system development in Chinese fast urbanization process. Traffic Engineering Department share a reputation for its “Overall Control Methodology” in highway planning area, Now also do research in Subway planning, Urban transportation system planning and Highway safety and ITS. Chang`An University

4. Forgiving design • founded in 2002 • 43 members • the main research directions: • Urban Transportation Planning (UTP) • Integrated Transportation Planning • Urban Public transportation planning, specially on BRT • Intelligent transportation system (ITS) • Informatization • Bus Dispatch The BRT Center • Traffic Safety

5. Related Research Activities • Xi'an Planning Bureau Transportation strategy planning • Xi'an Bus Company Preparing study for Public Transport of Xi'an World bank projects • Energy Foundation Research of Xi'an BRT development stratagem • Fuk Yingdong Educational Fund Foundation Research of transportation problem between central city and satellite cities

6. Institutional Arrangement for Social STD of Nation Central Party Committee principle &Strategy Direction Guider & Highest Leader State Council Managing at Whole Country Level Governing &Executing law ,Governing & Financial examination Decision & Law Maker, supervising Government National People's Congress Political Consultative Conference Public Opinion Feedback feedback opinion

7. The State Council Department related toUrban STD National Development and Reform commission Authorize projects land examination and approval National land bureau Detect, Evaluate, Authorize Transportation Project according Environment law State Environment Protection Administration State Council Suburb Highway Transportation and Urban Bus Managing (part) National Ministry of Communications Y or N Traffic Control and Safety The Ministry Of Public Security P.R. C Urban Planning, Construction, Managing of Transportation (part) Ministry Of Construction P.R.C

8. Scientific Development Vs SuTD The concept of people oriented, comprehensive, harmonious and sustainable development Definition target core pith Chairman Hu + + Comprehensive harmonious People oriented Sustainable ScTD SuTD Resource conservation Social Equity Social Efficiency

9. ScTD for Chinese large Cities at the Nation Level Traffic Demand Management (TDM) National Chang-Tong Excellent Urban Traffic Improvement Project（Improve traffic control level and Transit Priority to reduce traffic congestion） Public Transit Priority Premier Wen and State Council insist that it should be a basic strategy

10. Developing Vehicles Moderately The degree of the development is controlled by cities themselves Transportation Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection ScTD for Chinese large Cities at the Nation Level Environmental Protection Law Some Land use control Policy Have researches but lack policy, Law for reducing energy Conservation

11. Encourage automobile industry development May Not discriminating against Low emission level cars Restrict auto use in down town of Large cities but lack system methods Chinese Vehicles Development

12. ScTD Related Institutional Arrangement of typical large cities Municipal Party Committee Policy-maker of City Development Strategy Municipal Government Managing at Whole City Level Execute & Governing People's Congress Law, Governing & Municipal Financial examination Municipal legal maker, supervising Government Political Consul- tative Conference Public opinion collector Feedback Public opinion

13. Municipal Departmentrelated toUrban ScTD Development and Reform commission Planning Bureau land bureau Ministry Of Construction Urban Construction planning Integrated Transportation planning Land use control & approval Authorize projects & Investment planning Execute • Generally is this, but individual city may be different Detect, Evaluate, Authorize Transportation Project according Environment law EPB Traffic Police municipal Bureau Transport Bureau repeal projects Planning Traffic Control System, Construction & operation management Road design, construction &maintenance Cargo & transit planning, operation and management

14. City authorities correspond with national govt. about ScTD National Govt. few Budgets From Central Govt. • Factors: • City development level • City scale • Gross Domestic Product (GDP） • Regional difference • Transportation development level • And so on By document, law and policy City Govt. Various responds Problem: The restriction is flexible Nearly each city has individual plan based on ScTD

15. Nation and large city leader pay high attention to urban transportation. Public Transit Priority policy began to carry out in some cities Traffic demand management (TDM) and vehicle operation management being carried out now. Achievement

16. Beijing • Want to control its urban area traffic old areas toll • encouraging citizens transfer to transit when entering city centre. • South middle axle BRT system • Transportation Committee • Mayor & CPC Secretary pay high attention to urban traffic

17. levy registration markfee levy road jam fee within the second ring and in other seriously congested roads. build large transit terminal and low-charge or free parking lot , encouraging citizens transfer to transit when entering city centre. flexibleduty hours following years Beijing conceive to

18. Beijing city has 10 measures to decrease traffic jam • Bus only lane • Restrict use of car • High charge for car parking in city centre • Reform the charge of express way • Strengthen to build urban low degree road • Build suburb transport aisle • ITS in transport management • Transportation development program • Strengthen to build legal system

19. Shanghai • Control vehicle increasing trend • ITS usage in evaluate expressway • Pay attention to Urban Traffic Research • control vehicular purchase and use • registration mark auction system • Divert urban transportation emphases to MRT construction

20. Urban public passenger transport priority Reduce use area of bicycle gradually in central town Control increasing trend and scale of the centre car traffic Restrict the development of motorbicycle Shanghai transportation strategy

21. Area restriction of auto Area toll of auto (Pay 10% of auto price each year) The charge of parking vary from area to area Forbid bicycle entering into CBD, Different Parking charges use of vehicles controlling approach in Shanghai

22. Chengdu • Pay attention to Urban Traffic Research • Bus terminal building • City and countryside integrated by Public transportation

23. idea：“one hour” network of rail in the future, Chengdu will develop subway in the central city, but need agreed by central government Chengdu transportation idea and object

24. Xi'an • Want to have BRT, Bus Only Lane, and bus bay in the old urban area • Forbidding motorcycles within the second ring • Want to integrate Urban Transit and countryside Bus system as a whole

25. Beijing From1985,within the third ring Shanghai From sept. 2001,main roads in city Guangzhou From 2003,several main roads in city, Forbid motorcycle

26. Problem or ScTD in Large City Different bureau and commission share different transport responsibilities, but who think things as a whole Who can Lead the urban ScTD? Who Consider the policy for urban ScTD? ScTD depending on the key leader of a city, It is fragile

27. Solutions • Organization Need an organization responsible for whole urban transportation system to match ScTD Require. • Bus priority • need law, policy and suitable merit system to ensure priority • of bus from road usage, investment, land use etc.. • Transportation research • need to pay more attention to transportation research, • from investment, decision making etc..

28. Thank you ! Wang Yuanqing, Director, BRT Research Center, Chang’an University Telephone: 86-29-82,334,821 Email:jt01@gl.chd.edu.cn wyq21@vip.sina.com