1 / 35

Stored-Product Insects: Biology (Continued)

Stored-Product Insects: Biology (Continued). Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. Stout, oval, 2-2.5 mm long Light brown in color Elytra smooth, without striae, but with short hairs 11-segmented antennae (4-10 th are serrate) When disturbed adult head is concealed under pronotum.

elisha
Download Presentation

Stored-Product Insects: Biology (Continued)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Stored-Product Insects: Biology (Continued)

  2. Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne • Stout, oval, 2-2.5 mm long • Light brown in color • Elytra smooth, without striae, but with short hairs • 11-segmented antennae (4-10th are serrate) • When disturbed adult head is concealed under pronotum

  3. Cocoa, tobacco, tobacco products and processed food, oil seeds • Holes in produce, and pupal cells in infested material • 4-6 instars • Adults live for 2-6 weeks • 20-37.5oC, temperature limits (25-120 days from egg-to-adult). 25% RH low end • Mycetomes, yeast-like structures in hindgut • Adults are active fliers • Female lays 110 eggs

  4. Drug Store Beetle, Stegobium paniceum • Last 3 antennal segments are large and appear as loosely segmented • Striae on elytra • Less common in tropics • Chocolate, confectionary, biscuits, herbs, spices, pharmaceuticals. • 15-34oC at RH > 35% • Adults live for 13-65 days • Female lays 75 eggs

  5. Sawtoothed and Merchant Grain Beetles, Oryzaephilus spp. • Sawtoothed grain beetle, O. surinamensis. • Merchant grain beetle, O. mercator. Foods: • Stored grain, cereal products, dried fruit, oilseeds, and processed oilseeds. • O. mercator - household pest of processed cereals, especially those of high oil content.

  6. O. surinamensis does not develop on foods without carbohydrates. • Unable to attack sound grain, but attacks grain with small lesions in pericarp. • Feeds on germ • Cannot complete development on endosperm alone. • Can feed on eggs and dead adults of storage moths.

  7. Both species have similar life histories. • Eggs laid singly or in small clusters. • In coarse foods, eggs are deposited in crevices; in finely ground material they are laid loosely. • Instars, 3-4 (> in mercator than surinamensis). • Temperature limits: 20 – 38oC. • Optimum range = 30-35oC for surinamensis and 30-32.5oC for mercator. • Low RH prevents development of only mercator. • Rate of development increases with humidity • For example, for both species: • At 30oC, 74% RH-- 19 days (egg-to-adult). At 12% RH,-- 24 days. Mortality > 30% at RH below 33%.

  8. Fecundity highest at 54% RH (surinamensis) and 74% RH (mercator). • Oviposition, 1 week after eclosion. Max. 2nd and 3rd week after emergence. Rate of egg laying high for 10 weeks. • 260-280 eggs/female (both species). RH affects length of oviposition period and no. eggs laid. At 12% RH, 52 eggs are laid. • Life span of mated females: 4 – 19 weeks (12% RH and 74% RH). • Adults and larvae are somewhat tolerant to cold.

  9. Flour Beetles, Trobolium spp. • 9 species. • castaneum, confusum, madens, audax, destructor, anaphe, thusa, brevicorne, and parallelum. • T. castaneum – warmer climates. • T. confusum – cooler climates. • Become established in heated facilities. • T. castaneum – grain and grain products. • T. confusum – flour. • Peas, beans, cacao, cottonseed, nuts, dried fruit, vegetables, drugs, milk, chocolate, peanuts (only T. castaneum). • Milled products are favored diets.

  10. Differences Between T. castaneum and T. confusum

  11. Both species: eggs are laid singly. Tacky. • Instars: 7-8. • E-to-A development: see handout for T. castaneum.

  12. Minimum, Optimum, Maximum temps. For development: 2.5oC lower for T. confusum compared with T. castaneum. • Minimum: 20-22.5oC. Maximum: 37.5-40oC. Optimum = 32-35oC. • Development < 1 month at 30oC. • Progeny production varies with diet. • Can feed on eggs and dead adults of the Indianmeal moth. • Egg laying period: At 27oC, 148 (castaneum) to 235 days (confusum). • No. eggs laid: 119-539 eggs/female (low to high temps). • Average life span = 1-2 years.

  13. Both species can breed on seed-borne fungi. Can feed on 24 species of fungi. Oviposited on 16 species. Completed development on 7-8 species. • Rate of self multiplication: 1.29 at 22.5oC to 2.71 at 35oC for T. castaneum at 70% RH. • T. confusum rate of increase is slightly lower than that of T. castaneum.

  14. Cadelle, Tenebroides mauritanicus • Family: Trogositidae. • Adults are 5-11 mm long • Larvae and adults feed on many nuts, seeds, grains and grain products. • Can eat adults of R. dominica, S. oryzae, and O. surinamensis. • Larval development: 69 days on corn and wheat. • Eggs laid in batches (10-60). Incubation: 15-17 days at 22C. • Instars, 7-8. Larvae overwinter. • Mature larvae burrow into soft wood and create a chamber for pupating. • Can bore into hard woods. • With overwintering: E-to-A = 271-410 days.

  15. Adults live for a year. • Lay eggs throughout adult life (mean fecundity = 910 eggs total). • 2-3 generations per year.

  16. Dermestids • Family: Dermestidae. • 700 species. • 3 categories: • breed only on animal protein (Dermestes spp.) • breed on plant and animal materials (Attagenus spp., Trogoderma spp.) • breed on cereals and cereal products (Trogoderma spp.). • Trogoderma granarium (Khapra beetle). • Serious pest of stored grain. • Eradicated from US (CA, AZ, NM).

  17. Oval in shape • Colored hairs on body • Short antennae with 10-11 segments • Larvae hairy; some hairs detachable

  18. Larvae unable to penetrate intact seeds. • Larvae feed on germ and endosperm. • On wheat, eat only the germ. • Eggs laid singly. • Instars, 4-5. • Optimum temp. 35C. • Maximum = 40C. • Develop at 23-73% RH. • Adults are short-lived. • They do not feed. • One mating – 25-46 eggs/female. • Starvation: retrogressive molting. • Temperature, food, population density, and genetic makeup – influences diapause.

  19. Stored-Product Moths • Adult wings covered with scales • Coiled mouth parts • Larvae – caterpillars, 3 pairs of true lesgs on thorax and 5 pairs of false prolegs on abdominal segments 3-6 • 2 families: • Pyralidae – Indianmeal moth, almond moth • Gelechidae – Angoumois grain moth

  20. Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella • Hind wings sharply pointed, and have long fringes • Fore wings have a dark spot distally • Adults live for 5-10 days • Female lays 200 eggs • Dev. 16-35C and 50-90% RH • Adults are strong fliers

  21. Indianmeal Moth, Plodia interpunctella • Forewings, basal 1/3rd cream colored; distal 2/3rd copper colored • Feeds on germ, endosperm of kernels • Webbing • 400 eggs/female • Larvae undergo diapause • Wandering stage • 20-36C; RH 20-90%.

  22. Almond moth, Cadra cautella • Fore wings grayish brown with a distinct pattern • Hind wings have broadly rounded tips • 300 eggs/female • 15-36C, 20-90% RH • Mandibular secretions: female egg-laying. Also acts as dispersal pheromone. • Moth activity • Both species: pop. Increase 50X/lunar month

  23. Storage Moths: Temperature vs Egg-to-adult development Source: Subramanyam and Hagstrum (1992)

More Related