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Explore the functions, materials, types, and printing processes used in packaging. Discover how packaging protects, informs, contains, transports, preserves, and displays products. Learn about different materials such as paper, board, and cardboard, and various types of packaging like blister packaging, skin packaging, and security packaging. Dive into printing processes such as lithoprinting, screen printing, and gravure printing. Lastly, understand the importance of labeling and the information it provides.
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Functions • Protect – it protects the product from damage. • Inform – It displays information for users, some of this has to be displayed by law. • Contain – The packaging must contain all the pieces until opening. • Transport – how the packaging will allow the product to be transported more easily. • Preserve – especially food products have to be prevented from deteriorating. • Display – the way packaging looks often allows customers to see it more easily.
Materials used • Paper – The fibres that create wood are made from cellulose, which is extracted from wood. Additives and dyes can be added to change the colour, texture and surface finish. • Stock forms – The ‘A’ sizes are the most common. Papers are also specified by weight. This weight refers to the weight of a square metre. Above 200 gsm is classed as board. • Board – made from several layers of pulp. Types - Cardboard, carton board, corrugated board and mounting board. Thicker board is made by laminating sheets of paper or board.
Types • Layout and tracing paper – translucent version is tracing paper. Used in the development stages, as previous drawings can be used as an underlay. • Cartridge paper – Used for general drawing and sketching. It is tough and lightly textured, often pale cream in colour.
Types • Cardboard – a heavier form of paper, often made form recycled paper or card and available from 200 gsm upwards. Can be laminated together to create thicker board. • Solid white board – made form pure wood pulp, with a bleached liner on one side. Mainly used in food packaging.
Types • Foil lined board – made by laminating aluminium foil onto one side of any board. • Corrugated board – made from a flat sheet on the outside (linerboard) and the corrugated sheet in between (medium). It is cheap, strong but not heavy and is used for large boxes.
Types of packaging • Blister Packaging – inexpensive, durable and transparent. Clear plastic blisters are used with a cardboard backboard. The blister cavity is vacuum-formed to fit the product.
Types of packaging • Skin Packaging – Sealing a product between a layer of heated plastic and a layer of adhesive coated paper. An oven heats the plastic and is lowered over the product on the paper. The vacuum process pulls the plastic over the product. The hot plastic melts the adhesive, bonding the two together.
Types of packaging • Security Packaging – packaging that can be secured so that the contents cannot be tampered with. This could be done with clamshell packaging, induction sealing or holographic stickers.
Types of packaging • Insulation – polystyrene sheets, corrugated card, bubble wrap and polyethylene foam are good insulators. Insulation provides protection for fragile items and helps keep the temperature constant.
Printing Processes • Lithoprinting: The most common form of printing is offset lithography. A litho printing plate has non-image areas that absorb water. During printing the plate is kept wet so that the ink is rejected and sticks to the image areas. When printing with more than one colour, a separate film is used for each ink. • Four colour printing: Majority of colour magazines and books use this process.
Printing Processes • Screen printing: A wooden or aluminium frame with a nylon mesh stretched over it. The mesh is covered with a stencil, which stops the paint from going through.
Printing Processes • Flexography: Used for printing on plastic, foil, brown paper and other packaging material. Uses flexible printing plates made from rubber or plastic. Uses fast drying inks, so is a high speed process that can print continuous patterns, like gift wrap or wallpaper.
Printing Processes • Embossing: Creating a three-dimensional image in paper or other easily shaped material. A male and female former are used to ‘iron’ the image to different levels. Most commonly used on card packaging, tissue paperand wallpaper.
Printing Processes • Gravure printing: Involves the engraving of a stainless steel cylinder with thousands of tiny holes which collect ink and transfer it to paper. Expensive but high quality printing process.
Printing Processes • Die cutting and creasing – A piece of packaging can be cut, creased or perforated using a die-cutting machine. A die is made from cutting knives and scoring rules. The printed image normally overflows the edges, allowing for a tolerance for the cutting and creasing.
Labelling • The following information might be on a mobile phone box: • Company logo and name of product. • Information about the phone. • Standards logos – CE. • Barcode. • Contact details of company, perhaps website address. • Recycle logo. • Picture of product. • Where packaged.
Labelling • The following information might be on a toy: • Company logo and name of product. • Information about the toy. • Standards logos – CE, Lionmark. • Barcode. • Contact details of company, perhaps website address. • Items included/not included in the box. • Recycle logo. • Picture of product. • Age restrictions.
Product Branding • A ‘Brand’ involves a name, colour, symbol, design or a combination of these. • We often buy a product because of it’s brand. • This builds the company’s reputation and ,akes customers feel secure. • Many people stay with a brand. • A brand can be for everyone or a particular group of people.
