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Reptiles and Birds

Reptiles and Birds. What were some things that they have in common?. Snakes. Nearly 2/3 of snakes are non-venomous Less than 2% are considered harmful to humans Jacobson’s organ A snake’s skull is made up of several connected bones Snakes have between 100-400 vertebrae.

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Reptiles and Birds

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  1. Reptiles and Birds What were some things that they have in common?

  2. Snakes • Nearly 2/3 of snakes are non-venomous • Less than 2% are considered harmful to humans • Jacobson’s organ • A snake’s skull is made up of several connected bones • Snakes have between 100-400 vertebrae

  3. Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) • 32 species of snake found in TN, the copperhead is 1 of the 4 that is venomous • Average length of 30 inches • Are crotalids, which are pit vipers • Prefers to live in wooded area with rocky outcroppings near a body of water • When disturbed they usually freeze up rather than evade • Sometimes produce a cucumber like smell when touched

  4. Dendroaspis polylepis • Black Mamba • Fastest snake in the world • Can move at 12mph • Lives in Africa • Average length of 2.5 meters, can grow up to 4.5 meters • A single bite can kill 10-25 men! • Fastest acting venom in the world • Can kill a human in 20 minutes

  5. Coral Snakes vs. King Snakes Coral snakes -large group of elapid snakes -venomous King snakes -large group of calubrid snakes -non-venomous Batesian Mimicry

  6. Boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) • Can grow up to 13ft and weigh up to 60lbs • Can be found from Northern Mexico through South America • Family Boidae • ancient family of snakes • Have vestigial pelvic girdles that are partially visible as spurs • Feed by a process of constriction

  7. Common snapping turtle(Chelydra serpentina) • Widest distributed freshwater turtle in N. America • Very common in Tennessee River system • Can weigh up to 45lbs with shell length up to 18 inches • Can live up to 40 years • Prefer soft, warm, muddy bottoms with lots of vegetations • Opportunistic feeders • Must leave water to lay eggs

  8. Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) • Grow between 34-47 inches, 170-350lbs • Endangered species • can be found in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea • Come back to beach where they were hatched to lay eggs • Florida is a very active nesting ground (over 67,000 nests built per year) • Endangered species • Hunted for food, get trapped in gillnets, artificial lighting • Temperature dependent sex determination

  9. Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelyscoriacea) • Can grow up to 6 and half feet long and weight up 2,000lbs • Only sea turtle that lacks hard, bony shell • Most common off shores of South America • and Africa • Can dive up to 3900ft • They have pointed tooth-like cusps and sharp edged jaws that are perfectly adapted for a diet of soft-bodied jellyfish • Critically endangered species

  10. Eastern glass lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis) • Superficially similar to a snake but… • Have moveable eyelids • External ear openings • And inflexible jaws • Can grow between 18-43 inches long • Get their name because the often “shatter” when caught

  11. Gliding Lizards! • There are 28 species of lizard of genus Draco, found in Sri Lanks, India and Southeast Asia • Wings are supported by their rib bones • Also use wings as form of communication • Common in rainforests • Black-bearded Gliding Lizard (Draco melanopogon) • Glides 5m for every 1m lost • Feeds on ants, termites and small invertebrates • Female lays only 2 eggs per clutch

  12. Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) • Largest lizard in the world • average length of 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft) and average weight of 70 kilograms (150 lb). • Live in an around Indonesia • Prey on invertebrates, birds and mammals • Can detect rotten meat from 4–9.5 kilometres (2.5–6 mi) away. • Live in savannahs and grasslands • Can swallow small goats whole • Slow metabolism allows them to be able to eat as few as 12 times a year • Saliva is full of bacteria and contains venom • Can have offspring from mating two years previous

  13. Lyrebird • 2 species of ground-dwelling Australian birds • Superb Lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) • Albert’s Lyrebird (Menura alberti) • most elaborate syrinx of any of the Passerines • Performs courtship dances…can last up to 43 minutes! • When in danger they run rather than fly • Have elaborate tails used in mating rituals • A group of lyrebirds is known as a musket Lyrebird_Unbeleivable_Jungle_Bird_Mimics_Bird_and_Human_Sounds.mp4

  14. Woodpeckers • Order: Piciformes • over 180 species of woodpeckers • can be found on every continent other than Australia • The woodpecker's strong, pointed beak acts as both a chisel and a crowbar to remove bark and find hiding insects • Has very long tongue (some up to 4 inches long) • Has two toes pointing in each direction • Many have stiffened tail feathers to help support body Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)

  15. European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) • member of the Passerine family • Insectivorous • Flocking bird • Population of over 200 million in North America • Brought over by the Acclimation Society of North America (thanks Bill Shakespeare) • Are a nuisance…take over native bird nests

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