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DNA TECHNOLOGY

DNA TECHNOLOGY. WARM-UP. If one strand of the DNA molecule reads ATGCCGT, what would be the complementary strand read? TACGCCU C. UACGGCA TACGGCA D. TAGCCGA A type of mutation that can alter DNA by the loss of a nucleotide base is known as: Substitution C. Crossing over

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DNA TECHNOLOGY

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  1. DNA TECHNOLOGY

  2. WARM-UP • If one strand of the DNA molecule reads ATGCCGT, what would be the complementary strand read? • TACGCCU C. UACGGCA • TACGGCA D. TAGCCGA • A type of mutation that can alter DNA by the loss of a nucleotide base is known as: • Substitution C. Crossing over • Deletion D. Insertion • What is the mRNA sequence for a strand of DNA reading CCGTACT? • CCCGTACT C. GGCATGA • GGCUTGU D. GGCAUGA • Pea plants have seeds that are either round or wrinkled. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a heterozygous dominant plant, what will be the genotypic ratio of the offspring? R = Round Seeds r = Wrinkled Seeds • 50% RR and 50% Rr • 25% RR, 50% Rr, and 25% rr • 50% round seeds and 50% wrinkled seeds • 100% round seeds

  3. Objective: SWBAT describe the application of DNA technology and genetic engineering in medicine, forensics and agriculture

  4. With modern DNA technology, we can clone organisms, treat diseases, modify foods, conduct paternity tests and solve crimes. Chances are you already know a lot about genetic engineering without realizing it.

  5. What is genetic engineering? • Method of taking DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA fragment into a host organism of the same or different species.

  6. Types of Genetic Engineering • What is a clone? • Genetically identical copies of an organism • How do you make a clone? • The nucleus of a female egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a cell taken from an adult organism

  7. Cloning “Dolly”

  8. Cloning • What are the uses of cloning? • Repopulate endangered species • Aid in biological research • What are some major ethical concerns about human cloning? • Health of the clone • Worry that we may be “Playing God” • Do you support cloning? Why or why not?

  9. Cloning Gone Wrong 

  10. Recombinant DNA • What is it? • DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different sources • What is a transgenic or genetically modified organism? • Organisms that have recombinant DNA

  11. Recombinant DNA • How is recombinant DNA used in the real world? • Human insulin is mass-produced using transgenic bacteria • Many of the foods we eat have also been genetically modified to be bigger, taste better or resist disease • THOUGHT QUESTION: Does it worry you that you are eating transgenic or genetically modified foods? Why or why not?

  12. DNA Fingerprinting • What is it? • Just like each person’s fingerprint is unique, each person’s DNA is unique as well. • Gel electrophoresis is one way scientists determine the sequence of your DNA. • Who uses it? • DNA fingerprinting is how Maury Povich conducts paternity tests on his talk show. • Forensic scientists use DNA fingerprints to prove whether a suspect was at the scene of a crime • Evolutionary biologists can also use DNA fingerprints to predict how closely two species are related

  13. Human Genome Project • Started in 1990 • Research effort to sequence all of our DNA (46 chromosomes) • Over 3.3 billion nucleotides • Mapping every gene location (loci) • Conducted by scientists around the world

  14. Key Points • Genetic engineering is a method of taking DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA fragment into a host organism of the same or a different species • Genetic engineering can be used to manipulate DNA in order to produce desired outcomes (agriculture, medicine, cloning, etc). • DNA technology has the potential to influence our present and future lives.

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