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The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit. How’d Europe Change After The Fall Of Rome?. To this. From This…. The Age of Charlemagne. Descended from Franks: valued war and destruction Blend of two cultures during reign of Charlemagne Kingdom: Large European kingdom, from the Rhine to Spain

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The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

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  1. The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit

  2. How’d Europe Change After The Fall Of Rome? To this. From This…

  3. The Age of Charlemagne • Descended from Franks: valued war and destruction • Blend of two cultures during reign of Charlemagne • Kingdom: Large European kingdom, from the Rhine to Spain • Renewed interest in learning and arts

  4. The Carolingian Renaissance • His interest in culture assembled group of scholars and artists. This is against the negative stereotype of the Middle Ages. • Borrowed imperial ideal from Rome and Byzantium • Monks copied manuscripts and painted, learned chants and interpreted the Bible. • Alcuin of York, teacher: revival of learning and literacy. Attempted universal education – again, against the stereotype.

  5. Charlemagne’s Court • Pilgrimage to Rome in 800. Crowned Holy Roman Emperor. First large-scale monarch since Roman times. • Charlemagne’s kingdom only lasted one generation after his death – split it up between his children. • New wave of invasions: Muslims, Hungarians, Vikings Charlemagne, ready to save the damsel in distress – the Pope.

  6. Feudal Europe • France and England bore the brunt of Viking invasions • Decentralized government system: feudal estates • Feudalism: system based on vows of military service and ownership of land. • Based on grant of lands by lords to vassals (middlemen) in return for service

  7. Castles served as refuge for the feudal estate during war • Crusaders came back and improved them – stone instead of wood! • Fortresses intended to defend against siege, not for comfort • Decoration of castles simple tapestries to protect from cold

  8. Chivalry • Emerged as a way to enforce loyalty. • Loyal to lord, not sleep with his wife, or surrender his castle as well as religious devotion and service to ladies • Tournaments: feasting, pageantry and dance • Professional warriors (knights) emerged

  9. Chivalric CodesDo not copy; these are just examples • Thou shalt believe all that the Church teaches, and shalt observe all its directions. • Thou shalt defend the Church. • Thou shalt respect all weaknesses, and shalt constitute thyself the defender of them. • Thou shalt love the country in which thou wast born. • Thou shalt not recoil before thine enemy. • Thou shalt make war against the Infidel without cessation, and without mercy. • Thou shalt perform scrupulously thy feudal duties, if they be not contrary to the laws of God. • Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word. • Thou shalt be generous, and give largess to everyone. • Thou shalt be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good against Injustice and Evil.

  10. The Norman Invasion of England • In 1066, England was ruled by the Anglo-Saxon king EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. When he died that year, his relative HAROLD became king despite Edward possibly naming a Norman king. • Harold quickly became involved in fighting new and fearsome invasions by the Vikings. • Harold also had reason to fear across the English Channel in the French region of Normandy.

  11. The Normans • The Normans were ruled by Duke William of Normandy. He claimed that the dead Edward the Confessor had promised the throne of England to him. • In 1066, William sailed with thousands of soldiers and Norman nobles. They invaded England to take the throne from Harold. Harold’s troops were exhausted from just having defeated the Vikings – and they were defeated by the Normans at the BATTLE OF HASTINGS in 1066.

  12. Bayeux Tapestry

  13. William the Conqueror – William I of England • The Normans brought French language, culture, and legal system to England. For many generations the Normans and Anglo-Saxons of England struggled for power and to live together. • William the Conqueror united England under his control. He used military force and bureaucracy. • He built many castles throughout the kingdom for his forces to rule from – such as the Tower of London and Windsor Castle. • He established the DOMESDAY (not Doomsday) BOOK which was a bureaucratic survey of the kingdom.

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