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Linguistic Profile of Indonesian Heritage Language Learners

Linguistic Profile of Indonesian Heritage Language Learners. Juliana Wijaya UCLA jwijaya@humnet.ucla.edu Madison, June 10, 2008. Age of Arrival & Exposure to the Language. HLs’ Self Assessment of Language Skills. Oral Proficiency:.

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Linguistic Profile of Indonesian Heritage Language Learners

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  1. Linguistic Profile of Indonesian Heritage Language Learners Juliana Wijaya UCLA jwijaya@humnet.ucla.edu Madison, June 10, 2008

  2. Age of Arrival & Exposure to the Language

  3. HLs’ Self Assessment of Language Skills

  4. Oral Proficiency: • ACTFL - Oral Proficiency Interview Novice, Intermediate, Advance, Superior • ILR – Interagency Language Roundtable Scales: 0+  5 Measuring general ability and place learners/speakers on global scales

  5. On ACTFL - ILR scale, a person’s oral proficiency of a specific language is be rated against the following criteria : • Global Tasks and Functions • Lexical Control • Structural Control • Sociolinguistic Competence • Delivery • Text Produced

  6. ILR/OPI Speaking Ratings of HLsHLs #1-5: 0+ • Simple and basic sentence structures • Individual words and phrases • Memorized words & phrases related to immediate survival needs • Sociolinguistic competence: very limited Perception & production differ greatly • Stress, intonation usually quite faulty

  7. DLI/OPI Speaking Ratings of HLsHLs #6-7: 2+ • Sufficient to discuss high frequency concrete topics. Imprecise for less common topics • Use of structural devices is flexible and elaborate • Speak effortlessly and smoothly when discussing common topics • Use of cultural references

  8. HLs w/ Low Proficiency: Greetings: - Apa kabar? ‘How are you?’ - Terima kasih. ‘Thank you.’ Kitchen/Children Words: - Makan ‘to eat’ Minum ‘to drink’ - Bobo vs. Tidur ‘to sleep’ HLs w/ Int. proficiency: Words/Phrases beyond greetings, kitchen and survival words High-frequency words/phrases Dialectical words/phrases Full formed words: Beyond base words -Inflection/derivation What They Know: Lexicons

  9. Low Proficient HLs: Basic Simple sentences: Memorized forms No mastery of complex morphosyntax structures Intermediate HLs: Some knowledge of complex morphosyntax: Use of inflections and derivatives in high-frequency phrases & structures is usually accurate What They Know: Morphosyntax

  10. Issues in SpeakingLow Proficient HLs: • Pronunciation: - Unaspirated initial stops: p, t, k - Problem with initial & final glottal stops - Problem with ‘trill r’ - Stress on wrong syllables - Faulty intonation • No/little mastery of discourse particles E.g. Emphatic/mirativity marker loh and kok • No/little mastery of cohesive markers

  11. Issues in SpeakingIntermediate Proficient HLs: • No problem with pronunciation of high frequency words and common topics • Will be perceived as native speakers • Speak with certain dialects (spoken by parents & friends) • Good mastery of discourse particles and cohesive markers • Problem: Colloquialism

  12. HLs’ Production: Writing (1) • Misspelling: vowels: a, i, u E.g. temantemen ‘friend’ sebenarnya  sebenernya ‘actually’ • Silent ‘h’ E.g. tujuh tuju ‘seven’ (without final h it is the base of ‘destination/purpose’) bawah bawa ‘under’ (without final h it means to ‘bring’) sudah suda ‘already’ tahu  tau ‘to know’

  13. HLs’ Production: Writing (2) • Colloquialisms The use of colloquial expressions in formal writing : - buat in the place of untuk ‘to/for’ - sama in the place of dan/dengan ‘and/with’ - bikin in the place of membuat ‘to make’ - situ in the place of sana ‘there’ • Inconsistent use of first person plural pronoun kami/kita ‘exclusive/inclusive we’

  14. HLs’ Production: Writing (3) • HLs’ use of informal a ‘double’ genitive/possessive marker -nya in their formal writing. (used mostly in colloquial spoken language) E.g. rumah dia ‘his/her house  HLs & FLs rumahnya – preferable form rumahnya dia HLs • Int HLs’ use of colloq. verb Intransitive marker –in (dialectical) instead of –kan/-i (standard)

  15. Intermediate HLs’ Strength in Writing: • Syntax: A more natural use of active and passive sentence structures • Morphosyntax: A more natural use of transtive and intransitive verb phrases • A more natural use of reduplications: plural markers, repeated actions, etc. Note: Basic/no metalinguistic knowledge

  16. Implications: Instructions/Materials: • Low Proficient HLs grouped together with FLs: HLs’ share of socio-cultural knowledge • Intermediate Proficient HLs: Different treatment & different instructional materials to develop their presentational skills & to bring them to advanced and educated native speakers’ levels.

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