1 / 19

European Revolutions (1815-1848)

European Revolutions (1815-1848). THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS. Congress of Vienna – The “Quadruple Alliance”. Austria – Prince Metternich Very conservative, resists liberals and reformers England – Robert Steward, Lord Castlereagh

elwyn
Download Presentation

European Revolutions (1815-1848)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. European Revolutions (1815-1848) THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

  2. Congress of Vienna – The “Quadruple Alliance” • Austria – Prince Metternich • Very conservative, resists liberals and reformers • England – Robert Steward, Lord Castlereagh • Wanted to surround France with bigger and stronger countries • Prussia – Karl von Hardenberg • Wanted to recover Prussian territory and take control of the rebel kingdom of Saxony • Russia – Tsar Alexander I • Back and forth on liberal and reactionary views, wanted a “free” and “independent” Poland of which he would be king

  3. Goals of the Congress of Vienna • Legitimacy  restoring the power to ruling families disposed by the revolutionary warfare • Compensation territorial rewards to states that had made sacrifices to defeat Napoleon • Balance of Power  Arraigning the map of Europe that that no one state could upset the international order • Congress System Meetings held periodically by the great powers to defend the status quo

  4. Industrial Revolution - Review • Where did it begin? • Roots of the Industrial Revolution? (4) • Changes in: • Class Structure • Social Construct • Capitalism • Class Disparity

  5. Impact of the “isms” • Romanticism • Conservatism • Liberalism • Nationalism • Socialism

  6. Conservative Backlash • Conservative leaders had “contained” the liberal ideals • Growing disconnect between the traditional ruling class and the middle class which embodied many of these “new” ideals • Postwar Repression (1815-1820) • England  enacted a number of acts • France  “Restoration” period of Louis XVIII, constitutional monarchy • Austria & Germany  Ruled by Prince Metternich • Russia  ruled in traditional authoritarian style

  7. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions I: 1815-1833) • Nationalism, liberalism, socialism all factors in the outbreaks of revolutions • Outside of Europe  Monroe Doctrine (1823), Latin American revolution

  8. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions I: 1815-1833) • Spain (1820-1823) FAILED • Liberals rose up against King Ferdinand VII  crushed by a French army • Italy (1820-1821) FAILED • Secret liberal-nationals rose up against Ferdinand I  crushed by an Austrian army • Greek Revolt (1821-1830) SUCCESS! • Nationalist uprising against the Ottoman Empire • England, France and Russia all assisted the Greeks

  9. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions I: 1815-1833) • Russia, Decembrist Uprising (1825) FAILED • Alexander I died unexpectedly, crisis over succession • Nicholas was to take the throne  highly conservative • Liberals rose up (Decembrists were noble opponents) • Russia became a police state • Shuts down Polish Revolution, Hungarian nationalism, wants to expand into the Ottoman Empire (Crimean War) • England  Chooses Reform • Repealed some acts, updated outdated laws, accommodated for new rising merchant & middle class

  10. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions II: 1830-1833) • France  July Revolution (1830) SUCCESS • Charles X tried to restore the Old Regime • Replaced Charles X with Louis-Philippe the “bourgeois king” • France controlled by the bourgeois and bankers/businessmen “When Frances sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold” This revolution was a spark for other countries!

  11. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions II: 1830-1833) • Belgium (1830-1831) SUCCESS • Merged with Holland in 1815 • Revolt against the Dutch  Dutch army was defeated • A national congress wrote a liberal constitution and named Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (1831-1865) as king • Poland (1830-1831) FAILED • Challenged Russian domination of Poland, crushed by the Russian army • Poland became “a land of graves and crosses”

  12. Europe in Crisis (Revolutions II: 1830-1833) • Italy (1831-1832) FAILED • Wanted to unify Italy (Italian nationalists) • Crushed by the Austrians again • Germany (1830-1833) FAILED • Freedoms were restricted • German students and professors led the liberal/national charge  liberal constitutions • Crushed by the Germany Confederation

  13. Revolutions of 1848 • Similar conditions existed across Europe

  14. Revolutions of 1848: Republicanism

  15. Revolutions of 1848: Nationalism Resisted

  16. Revolutions of 1848: Liberalism Halted

  17. Revolutions of 1848: Victorian Compromise

  18. Why the Revolutions Failed

  19. Moving Forward

More Related