OSD-JS Environmental Workshop 25-27 July 2006 Environmental Considerations In Military Operations Mr. William A.J. Mac

1. OSD-JS Environmental Workshop 25-27 July 2006 Environmental ConsiderationsIn Military OperationsMr. William A.J. Mackie, JS/J-4 ED

2. Line of Authority Line of Coordination Chain of Command President SecDef Chairman JCS Combatant Commands Functional Commands Gen Jones US European Command ADM Keating US Northern Command GEN Craddock US Southern Command GEN Brown US Special Operations Command GEN Smith US Joint Forces Command Gen Schwartz US Transportation Command Gen Cartwright US Strategic Command GEN Abizaid US Central Command ADM Fallon US Pacific Command

3. US Military Structure President Secretary of the Air Force Secretary of the Army Secretary of the Navy OSD SecDef Combatant Commands Regional NORTHCOM CENTCOM EUCOM PACOM SOUTHCOM Functional JFCOM TRANSCOM STRATCOM SOCOM Chairman JCS The Joint Chiefs of Staff Chief of Staff of the Army Chief of Naval Operations Chief of Staff of the Air Force Commandant Marine Corps Vice Chairman JCS Asst to theChairman JCS Assts to the Chairman JCS for NG/RM The Joint Staff Director, Joint Staff Vice Director DOM J-1 J-2 J-3 J-4 J-5 J-6 J-7 J-8 Manpower & Personnel Intelligence Operations Logistics Strategic Plans and Policy C4 Systems Operational Plans and Joint Force Development Force Structure, Resources & Assessment Line of Authority Line of Coordination Line of “Principal Military Advisor to the President”

4. Administrative Control Administrative Control (ADCON) is not a combatant command authority. It describes the command and control Service Chiefs exercise in the execution of their Title 10 authority to train, equip and maintain. ADCON may be delegated to and exercised by commanders of Service forces assigned to a combatant commander at any echelon at or below the level of Service component command. ADCON is subject to the command authority of combatant commanders. Service Chief ADCON Major Commands Subordinate Units • ADCON includes: • control of resources/equipment • personnel management • unit logistics • individual and unit training • readiness • mobilization • demobilization • discipline

5. Joint Engineer Mission Statement • J-4 ED: Optimize joint force readiness by shaping, transforming and integrating operational engineering capabilities in the Joint Environment to maximize the Joint Force Commander’s freedom of action. • Advise CJCS and Joint Staff on engineer issues involving Combatant Commands, Services, DoD Agencies, Allies and Interagency partners. • Support Combatant Commanders and Services in: • Current operations, engineering readiness, and capabilities • Joint engineering interoperability • Exercise-related and operationally-focused construction • Power projection infrastructure • MILCON in support of military operations • Base Realignment and Closure • Environmental concerns • Facilitate Transformation through the Joint Operational Engineering Board (JOEB)

6. Role of the Joint Staff in Environmental Considerations • Joint Staff, Combatant Commands & Environmental Considerations • Identifying/Preventing Contingency Show Stoppers • Consistent Overseas Component Compliance • Prepare Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5) • Develop Operational Plans (J-7), Match with Sufficient Resources (J-8) • Execute Operations and Exercises (J-3)

7. Role of the Joint Staff in Environmental Considerations (Cont) • Supported by • Intelligence (J-2), Logistics (J-4); Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Systems (J-6) • To Include Legal Counsel (LC), Legislative Assistance (LA), and Public Information (PA) • And, Most Important of All, our People (J-1): Military and Civilians

8. Director for Logistics J4 LTG “Chris” Christianson Engineering Division CAPT Michael Peek • Lt Col Jay Glascock • (USAF) • PACOM • TRANSCOM • COCMD Construction • - ERC • HNFC • MILCON • Global Posture • Master Plans • BRAC • JOEB Capabilities • WG • CDR John White • (USN) • SOUTHCOM • NORTHCOM STRATCOM • Security Engineering • AT/FP • CIP • Detainee Facilities • GTMO • OIF/OEF • Jt Engr Doctrine • JOEB Doctrine & • Training WG • Mr. Bill Mackie • (Civilian) • DEPUTY DIV CHIEF • EUCOM • NATO Security • Investment Program • Environmental • Planning • Doctrine • Encroachment • Range Management • Payment-in-kind/ • Residual Value • JOEB Transformation • WG • LTC Zac West • (Army) • CENTCOM • JFCOM • SOCOM • Engr Unit Sourcing • JQRR • Bridging • Breaching • ADR • Expeditionary Basing • JOEB Interoperability • WG • Mr. Dwayne Lacewell • (Contractor, USA Ret.) • JOEB Support • Executive Secretariat • Interoperability • Capabilities • Transformation • Doctrine & Training • JOEB Website • Joint Engineer Vision Engineering Division (J4-ED) The Joint Staff Engineers (J4ED) The Pentagon, Room 2E621 Washington, DC 20318-4000 FAX (703) 571-0678 DSN Prefix Equivalents: 571=671; 614=224; 697=227

9. Requirements - Guidance • Where does environmental guidance come from? • US Law/Domestic Standards • Executive Orders • DOD • Policies: Combatant Command, and DoD Component • Host Nation Law - Respect • International agreements • Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document (OEBGD) • Final Governing Standards (FGS)

10. Requirements - Guidance • Exec. Order 12088, Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards, 13 Oct 78 • DODD 4715.1E, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health, 19 Mar 05 • DODI 4715.5, Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations, 22 Apr 96 • DODI 4715.8, Environmental Remediation for DoD Activities Overseas, 2 Feb 98 • Combatant Command and DoD Component Policy • International Agreements • OEBGD and FGS

11. Requirements - Guidance • OEBGD: Establishes minimum environmental protection standards applicable to DoD installations and facilities overseas • Generally accepted standards that apply to DoD installations and actions in the US & Includes requirements of US laws that apply overseas • Must be reviewed as needed (at least every two years) • Final Governing Standards (FGS): Apply to all DoD Components present in host nation & must be revalidated and updated on a periodic basis (at least every two years) • Where no FGS exist, DoD components comply with international agreements, applicable host nation environmental control standards of general applicability, and the OEBGD • Some facilities & activities not subject to OEBGD/FGS requirements • Military Vessels and Aircraft • Off-Installation Training and Deployments

12. Challenges to Compliance Diversity of Operations

13. Challenges to Compliance Cumulative Number of Laws PPA 60 MPRSA ESA WQA NWPA FFCA NANPCA NEEA GCRA CAA NAWCA SDWA WQA RGIAQR EPCRA ARPA UMTRCA AIRFA CZMA NCA MPRSA MMPA FIFRA FWPCA PWSA OSHA WSRA CAA NWRSAA NHPA CERCLA SARA HSWAA SMCRA 50 NWPA CWA UORA 40 Volume of Laws LWCFA FWPRA CAA NEPA FHSA 30 FLPMA TSCA HMTA SDWA ESA 20 WPFPRA FDCA FIFRA SDWA RCRA 10 FWCA MBTA CAA 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year

14. Challenges to Compliance General Approach: • Balance: Defense of nations must not be jeopardized through overzealous protection of environment • Consistent Application of Requirements: To the best of its ability, consistent with its mission, the military sector should adhere to the same rules as the civilian sector • Working with Local Authorities: • Seek coordinated solutions to problems in common • Establish mutual support agreements to respond to environmental/other emergencies

15. Planning • Enhances mission accomplishment while achieving environmental protection • Need solid environmental baseline surveys prior to and at the end of military operations & exercises • Use reliable intelligence sources available for planning • Reduces Logistics Footprint • Reduces Complexity, Risk, and Liability • Integral Part of Joint (JP4-04 & JP3-34) and Service Doctrine

16. Planning • Guided by Laws and Regulations • Federal, State, Local, Defense, Services • Shaped by Doctrine • JP 4-04, JP 3-34, Services • Aided by Manuals and Training Documents • DoD, Services, Other such as Intelligence Sources • Important Part of Planning Documents • Annex L, Environmental Considerations; Exercise Plans • Executed by our Most Valuable Resource PEOPLE

17. Planning Annex L - Environmental Considerations Checklist • Participating nations • Host nation laws • Water – potable, other • Wastewater • Hazardous materials • Hazardous waste • Solid waste • Petroleum/lubricants • Noise • Air Quality • Archeological & cultural resources • Threatened/endangered wildlife • Natural resources • PCBs, asbestos, lead paint • Spill prevention & spill response • Human health & safety (also addressed in Annex Q) • Socio-Economic impacts

18. Deployments Deployment Considerations: • International agreements • FGS/OEBGD (maybe) • Environmental Annex to OPLAN or OPORDER - Annex L, Environmental Considerations • DoD, Combatant Command, and DoD Component Policies • Baseline surveys • Use intelligence sources to max extent possible • Often hindered by hostile actions during military operations

19. Deployments Operational Environmental “Lessons Learned” • Commanders’ involvement • Designated action office • Intensive staff coordination • Effective communications • Continuing unit/personnel awareness • Ensure military, civilian, and contract personnel are adequately trained and understand their specific responsibilities • Knowledge of country

20. The End... Questions?