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1. The Evolution of Seed Plants
2. Ancestry of Seed Plants gymnosperms
naked seed plants
angiosperms
flowering plants
4. Reproductive Adaptations reduced gametophyte generation
independent of water for reproduction
all are heterosporous
seeds for dispersal of offspring
7. Seed product of fertilization between female and male gametophyte
seed
multicellular
integument
embryo packaged in protective coat
8. Pollen male gametophyte
microsporangia produce pollen
utilize wind instead of water for dispersion
9. Female Gametophyte contains 8 nuclei, one of which will become the zygote when fertilized
retained in the megasporangium
10. Gymnosperms naked seed
lack ovaries for seed development
Phylum Cycadophyta
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Gnetophyta
Phylum Coniferophyta
11. Phylum Cycadophyta resemble palms
tropical and subtropical regions
bear naked seeds on sporophylls
12. Phylum Ginkgophyta deciduous, fan shaped leaves
fruit sold for food
seed sold for medicinal purposes
13. Phylum Gnetophyta variety of habitats
closely related to angiosperms
herbal ecstasy
14. Phylum Pinophyta produce seeds in cones
evergreen trees,
needle-like or scale-like leaves
many economic uses
16. Angiosperms flowering plants
split into 2 groups:
monocots
eudicots
17. Xylem conifers possess tracheids
conduct water
structural support as well
angiosperms have vessel elements
water transport
fibers for structure
18. Flowers reproduction
4 whorls of modified leaves:
sepals
petals
stamens
anther
filament
carpels
stigma, style, and ovary
19. Flowers and Reproduction complete vs. incomplete flowers
perfect vs. imperfect flowers
monoecious vs. dioecious
20. Fruit functions in dispersal
a mature ovary
various shapes for dispersal
21. Angiosperm Life Cycle all heterosporous
microspores pollen
megaspores female gametophyte