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Lewis Structures of Organic Molecules

Lewis Structures of Organic Molecules. Dr. C. Yau Fall 2013. 1. 1. Organic Molecules. Organic chemistry is a study of compounds containing carbon . In addition, they contain mostly H, O and some N, S and P, and other elements. Those containing metals are said to be “organometallic.”

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Lewis Structures of Organic Molecules

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  1. Lewis Structuresof Organic Molecules Dr. C. Yau Fall 2013 1 1

  2. Organic Molecules Organic chemistry is a study of compounds containing carbon. In addition, they contain mostly H, O and some N, S and P, and other elements. Those containing metals are said to be “organometallic.” Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only H and C. They are nonpolar because they contain only C-C and C-H bonds, which are nonpolar.

  3. Hydrocarbons Remember that C with 4 bonds is tetrahedral. CH4 C2H6 C3H8

  4. Abbreviated Line Drawings Various Representations of Organic Molecules

  5. Isomers of Hydrocarbons Beyond C3H8, there are isomers. For example C5H12 has 3 isomers.

  6. Classification of Organic Compounds Organic compounds are classified by the “functional group” that replaces one or more of the H atoms in a hydrocarbon. Substitution of a H with –OH transforms it into an alcohol. For example, replacing one H with –OH in methane makes it methyl alcohol (or methanol).

  7. Alcohols

  8. Alcohols Contain -OH ....but don’t call them hydroxides!!! Hydroxides are only for ionic cmpds. They contain O-H and C-O bonds, which are polar.

  9. Carboxylic Acids These contain –COOH group or –CO2H Learn this structure: Formic acid HCOOH or HCO2H

  10. MEMORIZE THIS! Acetic acid CH3COOH or CH3CO2H Is it polar?

  11. Amines Contain N They typically have an unpleasant odor, some with a fishy smell.

  12. Acetone (fingernail polish remover) Acetone belongs in class called ketones. Memorize the structure of acetone. It is a very common organic solvent. CH3COCH3 or (CH3)2CO

  13. Benzene Benzene is another very common organic solvent. What is its molecular formula?

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