The Magnet Lab: Magnets Are What We Do!

1. The Magnet Lab:Magnets Are What We Do! Carlos R. Villa & Jose Sanchez National High Magnetic Field Laboratory National Science Teachers Association Boston, Massachusetts April, 2014

2. Before we begin… This presentation is available to download at: http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/

3. NHMFL Overview • One of twelve high magnetic field labs in the world • Only one in western hemisphere • Largest and highest powered in the world

4. NHMFL Overview • User laboratory • Over 1350 user visits (2013) • NSF & State of Florida funded • Research free to scientist • Must share research • Research in many fields (Not just magnets!!) • Materials Science, Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Biology, Biomedical, Geochemistry, Microscopy, etc…

5. Center for Integrating Research & Learning • Educational component of NHMFL’s grant • RET programs (more on that later…) • K-12 education outreach • 6,000 students visited this school year • Professional development • Workshops and conferences

6. Center for Integrating Research & Learning • Educational component of NHMFL’s grant • K-12 education outreach • 6,000 students visited this school year • Professional development • Workshops and conferences facebook.com/MaglabEducation

7. Research Experience for Teachers 2014 • 6 weeks in the summer • $3600 stipend • June 16th – July 25th • What do you have to do? • Complete online application • Complete program surveys and submit all research data • Send in supporting documents (letter of rec, etc.)

8. Research Experience for Teachers 2014 • What does RET entail? • Research in areas such as Superconductivity, Electricity & Magnetism, Design/Construct Research Instruments, run samples in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) magnets.

9. RET Logistics and Arrangements • Housing • Stipend • Travel • Program is open to Elementary, Middle, and High School teachers • Pre-service teacher positions available • Focus of the program • Nature of Science • Inquiry • Communicating in science • Experimental Design • Topics for research • Superconductivity • Electron Scanning Microscopy • Condensed Matter

10. Magnet Review • Gauss • Measurement of magnetic field • Named for Carl Friedrich Gauss • Tesla • Measurement of larger magnetic fields • Named for Nikola Tesla • 10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla

11. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) • Refrigerator magnet: • Earth’s magnetic field: • Person’s magnetic field: • Junkyard magnet: • MRI magnet: .03 T .000045 T 3 x10-13 T 1 T 2-3 T

12. Some NHMFL Magnetic Fields • NHMFL ICR magnet: • Ionic Cyclotron Resonance • NHMFL 900 Mhz • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance • NHMFL resistive magnet • NHMFL split cell • NHMFL hybrid magnet • Resistive and superconducting • NHMFL pulse magnet • Not continuous field 9.4 T 21 T 20-35 T 25 T 45 T 100.7 T First reached on 3/23/2012

13. Magnetic Metals • Not all metals are magnetic • 3 are naturally magnetic at room temperature • Iron • Nickel • Cobalt • 2 more are magnetic at lower temperatures • Gadolinium (65 F and below) • Dysprosium (-301 F and below) • Many are magnetic in alloy • Rare-Earth

14. Magnetite & Lodestone • Magnetic mineral • Iron (II, III) Oxide • Fe3O4 • Poor temporary magnet • Largest US deposit in NY (Adirondacks) • Lodestone is magnetized piece of magnetite • Lodestone led to first compass

15. Atomic Theory • Atomos • Indestructible • The atom • Proton • Neutron • Electron

16. Magnetism • Motion of charges particles (electrons) create magnetic fields • In some atoms, spins cancel out • Pauli exclusion • When all electrons spin the same direction: • Magnetic field is produced • Magnetic domains • In magnets: lined up

17. Permanent Magnets • Electrons tend to line up in groups (Domains) • Domains reinforce other domains • Turn material magnetic • Examples: Refrigerator Magnets, Bar Magnets, Magnetite, Horseshoe Magnets, Hematite, etc… • Field can be lost • Curie Point • Electric Current • Degaussing • Bang It

18. Permanent Magnet Activity • Magnet Exploration • Self discovery activity • Group Effort • Communicate your discovery • Share with the class

19. Permanent Magnet Activity • Money is magnetic • Coins are copper-nickel alloy (not magnetic) • Pennies are copper-plated zinc (also not magnetic) • Dollars are printed with iron-rich ink (magnetic!) • Foreign Coins • Canadian, British, Brazilian, Mexican (some)…

20. Permanent Magnet Activity • The Hook: • Blend a $1 • Use a NIB magnet • Pull out the iron

21. Temporary Magnets • Domains temporarily aligned • Will keep magnetic field until tampered • Examples: • Paperclips, scissors, staples, thumb tacks, pins, screwdrivers, refrigerator door, car doors, etc… • Anything that is magnetic, but will not keep its field

22. Temporary Magnet Activities • No rubbing necessary • Magnetism happens almost instantly • They are magnets • North and South • Attract and Repel • Paper Clips remain magnetic • Until something tampers with their field • Field could last years

23. Viewing Field Lines • Field viewers • Box photo frames • Iron filings • Use with paper • Clean-up can be a mess • Enclosed viewers • Eliminates clean-up

24. Drawing Field Lines • Seeing fields • Bar magnet • As many compasses as possible

25. Create A Compass • Magnetize an item • Allow it to float • Must turn freely • Needle • Petri dish • Coffee stirrer • Water • Permanent magnet

26. Electricity and Magnetism • The two are so closely related • Where there is electricity, there is a magnetic field • Where there is a magnetic field, electricity can be created

27. Creating Magnetism From Electricity • Electricity is the flow of electrons • In direct current electrons flow in one direction • This alignment of electrons creates a magnetic field around the conductor • Similar to electrons lining up in a permanent magnet • So every wire carrying electricity has a weak magnetic field around it • Coiling the wire concentrates the magnetic field inside the coil

28. Electromagnets • Materials • Copper wire • Iron rod • Battery • Extensions: • 2 batteries • In line? • Aluminum, wooden rod • Will they work?

29. Electromagnets Extensions: • Right hand rule • Direction of field • Poles (Winding direction) • Variables: • Neatness • Number of winds • Wire gauge • Battery strength • Temperature

30. Bitter Plates

31. Bitter Plates

32. Iron In Our Food • Iron in cereal • Total • Baby food • Need a strong magnet • NIB

33. A special solution of magnetic particles in a colloidal suspension whose flow can be controlled by magnets or magnetic fields. Ferrofluids

34. Cow Magnets

35. Lenz’s Law • An induced current in a wire (by flux) will flow to create a field that opposes the flux • Eddy currents created • Used in magnetic braking systems • Rollercoasters • Electric car braking feedback • Changing Magnetic Flux Produces An Induced Electric Field • Copper Tube, NIB Magnet • Eddy Currents

36. Additional Resources Stop Faking It: Electricity & Magnetism Bill Robertson Driving Force: The Natural Magic of Magnets James D. Livingston

37. Additional Resources • http://education.magnet.fsu.edu • Magnet Academy; Interactive java tutorials; audio slideshows, and other curriculum • MagLab audio slideshows • RET Program • K-12 Programs • MagLab Educator’s Club

39. Before I Forget • Business cards • Please do not hesitate to contact us with questions, ideas, suggestions, etc… • RET applications live now: • http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/ret/

40. Thank You Jose Sanchez Assistant Director of CIRL sanchez@magnet.fsu.edu • 850-645-0033 Carlos R. Villa K-12 Education Outreach Coordinator villa@magnet.fsu.edu • 850-644-7191