1 / 12

Alexander II - reforms

Alexander II - reforms. 1855 - 1871. Defeat in Crimean war. Defeat proved Russia was backward and had to change Treaty of Paris – Black sea closed to Russian navy - land lost to the West of

enochd
Download Presentation

Alexander II - reforms

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Alexander II - reforms 1855 - 1871

  2. Defeat in Crimean war • Defeat proved Russia was backward and had to change • Treaty of Paris – Black sea closed to • Russian navy - land lost to the West of Black sea - the Straights closed to warships

  3. Emancipation of the serfs • Peasants became free with small amounts of land • Nobles received 80 % compensation from state and kept most land • Peasants had to pay for freedom • All land administered by the MIR • MIR controlled peasants

  4. emancipation • Peasants not pleased • Still under landlords control • Alexander lost the opportunity to win the support of the peasants

  5. Other reforms Aim – keep control of Russia by making some changes

  6. Reforms • District government – ZEMSTVA – councils • 1870 – town councils set up • Law courts reformed • 1874 – army reformed • Education • Censorship relaxed • National minorities – some relaxation

  7. Power still lay in the hands of the Tsar …..and he could change his mind!

  8. Alexander II – stops reforms • 1866 assassination attempt • Feels no more need for reform • Stops reforms

  9. Alexander II – later in the reign • He became more interested in Pan Slavism – especially helping Bulgaria • Russian expansion in Asia – towards India and the Pacific coast • Becomes worried about the threat from revolutionaries – uses the Okhrana

  10. The growth of discontent • Reforms left people wanting for more! The new openness aroused expectations that the Tsar would not satisfy. • It made people criticise the autocracy • Growth of opposition groups – students and intellectuals – eg Karakosov!

  11. Alexander assassinated 1881

  12. Alexander III - reaction • Reforms reversed • Russification • Slavism was more popular – keep the autocracy strong!

More Related