Elkhart Community Schools

1. Elkhart Community Schools Top 10 Reading Strategies

2. Why have a K-12 emphasis on reading?

3. Language Development Listening Speaking Reading Writing

4. Reading difficulties begin here….. Actual Differences in Quantity of Words Heard In a typical hour, the average child would hear: Welfare 616 Words WorkingClass 1,251 Words Professional 2,153 Words

5. Did you know... 85% of ECS’s students fall into the first two categories: - welfare - working class

6. Connection Language Reading Thinking

7. Reading IS Thinking “The purpose of reading is understanding.”

8. Strategic Thinking

9. Strategic Thinking “True comprehension goes beyond literal understanding and involves the reader’s interaction with text. If students are to become thoughtful, insightful readers, they must extend their thinking beyond a superficial understanding of the text.” Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis

10. Why teach reading strategies? “Once thought of as the natural result of decoding plus oral language, comprehension is now viewed as a much more complex process involving knowledge, experience, thinking and teaching.” (Linda Fielding and P. David Pearson, 1994)

11. What strategies should be taught? Researchers identified strategies that proficient readers use to construct meaning from text. Pearson, Keene, Harvey, Goudvis, Robb and others summarized these strategies. Elkhart Community School’s Top 10 Reading Strategies are based on the work of the above researchers.

12. Make Inferences Then Draw Conclusions Summarize and Synthesize Check Your Understanding Build Fluency Connect to the Text Ask Questions Expand Vocabulary Predict & Prove Sense It Decide What’s Important Top 10 Reading Strategies

13. Strategy 1: Connect to the Text Making Connections: A Bridge From the New to the Known Text to Self Text to Text Text to World

14. Strategy 2: Ask Questions Asking Questions: The Strategy That Propels Readers Forward “Questioning is the strategy that keeps readers engaged. When readers ask questions, they clarify understanding and forge ahead to make meaning. Asking questions is at the heart of thoughtful reading.” Harvey and Goudvis

15. Strategy 3: Expand Vocabulary “The larger the reader’s vocabulary (either oral or print), the easier it is to make sense of the text.” Report of the National Reading Panel

16. Strategy 4: Predict and Prove (Guess and Check) “Research suggests that when students make predictions their understanding increases and they are more interested in the reading material.” Fielding, Anderson, Pearson, Hanson

17. Strategy 5: Sense It Visualizing: A Tool to Enhance Understanding “Visualizing is a comprehension strategy that enables readers to make the words on a page real and concrete.” Keene and Zimmerman

18. Strategy 6: Decide What’s Important “Thoughtful readers grasp essential ideas and important information when reading. Readers must differentiate between less important ideas and key ideas that are central to the meaning of the text.” Harvey and Goudvis

19. Strategy 7: Make Inferences Then Draw Conclusions “Inferring is at the intersection of taking what is known, garnering clues from the text, and thinking ahead to make a judgment, discern a theme, or speculate about what is to come.” Harvey and Goudvis

20. Strategy 8: Summarize and Synthesize The Evolution of Thought Synthesizing is putting together separate parts into a new whole….a process akin to working a jigsaw puzzle. Harvey and Goudvis

21. Strategy 9: Check Your Understanding “If confusion disrupts meaning, readers need to stop and clarify their understanding. Readers may use a variety of strategies to “fix up” comprehension when meaning goes awry.” Harvey and Goudvis

22. Strategy 10: Build Fluency “Fluency is important because it frees students to understand what they read.” Report of the National Reading Panel

23. Reading Strategies CAUTION! “Although these strategies tend to be introduced independently, readers rarely use these in isolation when reading. These thoughts interact and intersect to help readers make meaning and often occur simultaneously during reading.” Harvey and Goudvis

24. Check Understanding Build Fluency Sense It Ask Questions Reading is Thinking Connect To Text Making Inferences/ Draw Conclusions Decide What’sImportant Expand Vocabulary Summarize/ Synthesize Predict and Prove