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Prof. dr. sc. Zdravko Terze Chair of Flight Vehicle Dynamics

HORIZON 2020 INFO DAY SPACE Ministry of Science and Education of Republic of Croatia , Donje Svetice 38, Zagreb September 201 8. Prof. dr. sc. Zdravko Terze Chair of Flight Vehicle Dynamics Department of Aeronautical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture.

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Prof. dr. sc. Zdravko Terze Chair of Flight Vehicle Dynamics

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  1. HORIZON 2020 INFO DAY SPACEMinistry of Science and Education of Republic of Croatia, Donje Svetice 38, ZagrebSeptember 2018. Prof. dr. sc. Zdravko Terze Chair of Flight Vehicle Dynamics Department of Aeronautical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

  2. Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST)

  3. Space debris...

  4. Space debris • SST provides the ability to detect and predict the movement of space debris in orbit around the Earth • 700 000 dangerous debris objects are in Earth orbit • the third highest risk, after the launch and deployment risks • system to track debris and alert satellite operators when evasive action may be necessary : to actively protect space-based infrastructure (Earth observation satellites or navigation systems) from colliding with the ever-increasing cloud of man-made space debris • EU assets: !...40 Galileo and Copernicus satellites in space by 2020!

  5. DECISION No 541/2014/EU, 16 April 2014 • 2008, Council underlined the need to develop a European capability for the monitoring and surveillance of European space infrastructure • ....contribute to ensuring the long term availability of European and national space infrastructure, facilities, and services...

  6. SST objectives • Specific objectives: • to assess and reduce the risks of in-orbit operations involving European spacecraft • to reduce the risks to the launch of European spacecraft • to survey uncontrolled re-entries of spacecraft and debris into the Earth atmosphere and provide more accurate and efficient early warnings • to seek to prevent the proliferation of space debris

  7. SST actions • SST Decision sets out three actions: • establishing and operating a sensor function consisting of a network of Member States’ ground- and space-based sensors → produce a database • establishing and operating a processing function to process and analyse SST data at national level to produce SST information and services • setting up a function to provide civilian SST services to users for the assessment of risks of collision and of the re-entry of objects into the Earth’s atmosphere and the detection of in-orbit fragmentation

  8. Preparatory and operational phase • Activitiesthat prepared the ground for the start of EU SST operations (1 July 2016): • on 1 January 2016, the first grants under the EU programmes were launched to finance the establishment and operations of the EUSST

  9. Preparatory phase • Activities that prepared the ground for the start of EU SST operations (1 July 2016): • in March 2015, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdommake up the SST Consortium → compliant with the SST and designated national entities criteria • on 16 June 2015, the participating Member States signed the SST Agreement → SST Consortium is formally established • on 14 September 2015, the SST Consortium and SATCEN signed the SST Implementing Arrangement → SST Cooperation is formally established

  10. Operational phase • Sensor function • Since the start of operations (July 2016)the number of operational sensors graduallyincreased • by December 2017 → 33 sensors contributed to EU SST operations: • 3 surveillance radars, 8 tracking radars, 18 telescopes and 4 laser-ranging stations • they cover all orbits (LEO, MEO, HEO and GEO), but the number of objects they cover is limited, due to: • the insufficient availability of some sensors for the EU SST • the geographical location of existing SST sensors • the non-detection of objects below certain size

  11. Sensor function *Observed objects are objects that were observed at least once during the 14-day period of the simulation **Well-observed objects are objects that were observed every day in LEO and every three days in MEO/GEO

  12. Service function • Delivery of three initial SST services started on 1 July 2016 • conjunction analysis and warning (CA) • re-entry analysis and information (RE) • fragmentation analysis (FG) • For collision avoidance • user requests are allocated to one or more NOCs →case by case • NOCs are monthly rotated to deliver fragmentation and re-entry services → handover procedures

  13. Effectiveness • Since EU SST operations began • NOCsprovided collision warnings • EFFECT: there have been no catastrophic incidents involving registered spacecraft → including EU satellites • Re-entry events have also been monitored and reported

  14. Processing function • Compared with the US catalogue: • national databases contain a limited number of objects • there is no common European database of space objects • Processis almost entirely reliant on US data • quality and updates frequency of US data varies according to the orbit and depends on bilateral agreements • data often requires further analysis, verifications and refinement

  15. Processing function • Table below presents the share of conjunction data messages (CDM) generated by using data from EU SST sensors to the total number of CDM uploaded to the EU SST portal • EU SST is composed of five NOCs: • ISOC (Italy), S3TOC (Spain), COO (France), GSSAC(Germany) and UKSpOC (the United Kingdom)

  16. European added value • SST services accessible to European users and fostering excellence • Overcoming fragmentation of national SST capabilities and enhancing European autonomy • Europe is heavily reliant on data from the US→ data of varied quality and accessibility • creation of the EU SST provides the basis for the future development of certain level of European autonomy in SST

  17. Croatia: SST potential activities • R&D support / ... University of Zagreb, Ruđer Bošković Institute • Industrial support / ... Amphinicy Technologies (September 2017)

  18. Croatia: SST potential activities Contact: prof.dr.

  19. Governmental Satellite Communications (GOVSATCOM)

  20. GOVSATCOM ‘Security from Space’ • GOVSATCOM ‘Governmental Satellite Communications’ - SATCOM for security and defense - also the protection of space infrastructure

  21. GOVSATCOM goals and features • Goals and Features of GOVSATCOMProgram: • Establishing a secure and efficient SATCOM network - EU autonomyofdecision-makingin strategic areas - synergic complement of industry, users, operators .. • Dual purpose program / ESA+ EDA • ...Technical issues - modalities of using the existing infrastructure - reservation of orbital trajectories - frequency domains of action (X-band, Ka-band ...) - new actions?

  22. GOVSATCOM tasks and users

  23. Main stakeholders in surveillance missions

  24. Main stakeholders in crisis management missions

  25. Key infrastructure management missions

  26. European systems (dual-use and military) Sources: adapted from PwC, 2016; public information

  27. EU GOVSATCOM budget

  28. EU GOVSATCOM implementation aspects

  29. EU GOVSATCOM preparatory actions

  30. EU GOVSATCOM way ahead

  31. EU GOVSATCOM way ahead

  32. SU-SPACE-31-SEC-2019 SU-SPACE-31-SEC-2019: Research and development network of governmental users ofsecure satellitecommunications • Specific challenge: • satellitecommunications is an important tool for public authoritiesdealing withborder management, crisis and disastermanagement, forest fires, illegal activities, etc. • case when ground-based communication links are • damaged (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes) • absent (such as in remote areas or in the maritime domain) • or cannot be trusted (e.g. in Common Security and Defence operations outside the EU)

  33. SU-SPACE-31-SEC-2019 • Scope: • network of governmental users of satellite communications shall be set up to establish collaboration on research and development in the user domain • special attention will be given to enhance the competence of potential users → helping less experienced users to rapidly acquire know-how • Member State participants shall cooperate with participants from relevant EU agencies involved in the use of satellite communications (e.g. Frontex, GSA, CEPOL, Europol, ERA, EDA, SATCEN, EEAS, JRC) • this topic contributes to the Horizon 2020 focus area "Boosting the effectiveness of theSecurity Union "

  34. SU-SPACE-31-SEC-2019 • Expected impact: • common understanding of requirements and potential for innovation, interoperabilityand standardisation in the use satellite communications • satellite communication solutionsamong users from different disciplines, backgrounds and Member States • more efficient use of investments made across the EU in demonstrating, testing andtraining governmental satellite communication users • outputs from this project may benefit the potential future EU GOVSATCOMprogramme • Type of Action: Coordination and support action • Indicative budget:3M€

  35. Thank you for your attention Prof. dr. sc. Zdravko Terze, Univ. Zagreb Member of EC Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) Committee & SST Commission Expert Group Representative of Republic of Croatia

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