The 21st Century Internet

Slide 1:The 21st Century Internet

Invited Talk in the Samuel D. Conte Distinguished Lecture Series Purdue University West Lafayette, IN January 28, 2002 Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Slide 2:The 21st Century Internet

After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out the wired internet with hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding lowering of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the same time, several new "S-curves" are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous computing begins to sweep the planet. Leading this will be a vast expansion in heterogeneous end-points to a new wireless internet, moving IP throughout the physical world. Billions of internet connected cell phones, embedded processors, hand held devices, sensors, and actuators will lead to radical new applications. The resulting vast increase in data streams, augmented by the advent of mass market broadband to homes and businesses, will drive the backbone of the internet to a pure optical lambda-switched network of tremendous capacity. Finally, peer-to-peer computing and storage will increasingly provide a vast untapped capability to power this emergent planetary computer. I will describe how the newly formed Cal-(IT)2 Institute is organizing research in each of these areas. Large scale "Laboratories for Living in the Future" are being designed, some of which provide opportunities for collaboration with Purdue faculty.

Slide 3:The Co-Evolution of Infrastructures

Automobile / Highway Infrastructure Internal Combustion Engine ? Personal Automobile �Two-Lane Standard Width� for Inter-Roading Co-Evolved Industries Petroleum Rubber Steel Concrete PC / Wired Internet Infrastructure Microprocessor ? Personal Computer �TCP/IP Standard� for Inter-Networking Co-Evolved Industries Semiconductor Memory Disk Drives Operating Systems Databases Computer Graphics

Slide 4:Technologies Expand Into SocietyFollowing an S-Curve

Automobile Adoption Source: Harry Dent, The Great Boom Ahead

Slide 5:The Automobile Industry Grew Up Concurrently The Inter-Highway System

Source: James M. Utterback, �Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation� Slide from Forest Baskett, NEA Interstate Highway System Two Lane Highways Unpaved Roads American Automobile Industry

Slide 6:The PC Industry Grew Up Concurrently with the Internet

Source: DISK/TREND reports and Management Science Slide from Forest Baskett, NEA ARPAnet NSFnet IBM PC Commercial Internet

Slide 7:Such Rapid Buildouts of InfrastructureOften Lead to Speculative Stock Bubbles

800 1000 1200 Trading Days NASDAQ Close Young Hot Companies General Motors Dell Westinghouse AOL US Steel Intel RCA Qualcomm Sears Amazon

Slide 8:Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime Broadband Speeds �Always Best Connected� Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points Information Appliances Sensors and Actuators Embedded Processors Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer Parallel Lambda Optical Backbone Storage of Data Everywhere Scalable Distributed Computing Power The Next S-Curves of Internet Growth: A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Grid

Slide 9:Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet

www.calit2.net 220 UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community

Slide 10:We Are About to Transition to a Mobile Internet

Third Generation Cellular Systems Will Add Internet, QoS, and High Speeds Source: Ericsson

Slide 11:Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic Research Discipline

Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION COMMUNICATION THEORY COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays Modulation Channel Coding Multiple Access Compression Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End QoS Hand-Off Changing Environment Protocols Multi-Resolution Center for Wireless Communications Source: UCSD CWC

Slide 12:Experimental Chip Design with Industrial Partner Support

Source: Ian Galton, UCSD ECE, CWC A Multiple Crystal Interface Phase Lock Loop (PLL) for a Bluetooth Transceiver with Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) Realignment to Reduce Noise

Slide 13:Cellular Internet is Already Here At Experimental Sites

UCSD Has Been First Beta Test Site Qualcomm�s 1xEV Cellular Internet Optimized for Packet Data Services Uses a 1.25 MHz channel 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family Can Be Used as Stand-Alone Chipsets in Development Support PacketVideo�s PVPlayer� MPEG-4 gpsOne� Global Positioning System Bluetooth MP3 MIDI BREW

Slide 14:Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network

Identify Issues Related to Handoff Between WLAN and WWAN Networks and Implement a Test-bed Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2

Slide 15:The Cal-(IT)2 Grid Model for Wireless Services Middleware

Real-Time Services Mobile Code Location Awareness Power Control Security Wireless Services Interface Applications J. Pasquale, UCSD Data Management

Slide 16:Sensors Enable Real-Time Monitoring of BridgesThrough Wireless Internet

Slide 17:Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management Technologies

Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner

Slide 18:Millions of Video Cameras Will Add Image Data Streams to the Net

London Underground Initially 25,000 Video Cameras Expansion to 250,000 Possible British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec. Source: Telindus British CCTV System Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times) Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years Privacy International Prediction

Slide 19:Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots

Slide 20:The Human Body Will Becomean Internet Data Source

Patent Pending Non-Invasive Platform - Smart Band-Aid� Can Also Link to Invasive Sensors Source: PhiloMetron

Slide 21:Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will Create Brilliant Sensors

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors

Slide 22:Over the Next Decade We Will Create the Field of Nanobioinfoengineering

Slide 23:New Cal-(IT)2 Buildings Have Clean Rooms for Materials and Device Research

UCSD Building 2004

Slide 24:A LambdaGrid Will Be the Backbone for an e-Science Network

Metro Area Laboratories Springing Up Worldwide Developing GigE and 10GigE Applications and Services Testing Optical Switches Metro Optical Testbeds-the next GigaPOP?

Slide 25:Research Topics for Building an e-Science LambdaGrid

Provide Integrated Services in the Tbit/s Range Lambda-Centric Communication & Computing Resource Allocation Middleware Services for Real-Time Distributed Programs Extend Internet QoS Provisioning Over a WDM-Based Network Develop a Common Control-Plane Optical Transport Architecture: Transport Traffic Over Multiple User Planes With Variable Switching Modes Lambda Switching Burst Switching Inverse Multiplexing (One Application Uses Multiple Lambdas) Extend GMPLS: Routing Resource Reservation Restoration UCSD, UCI, USC, UIC, & NW

Slide 26:Research Topics for Building an e-Science LambdaGrid

Enhance Security Mechanisms: End-to-End Integrity Check of Data Streams Access Multiple Locations With Trusted Authentication Mechanisms Use Grid Middleware for Authentication, Authorization, Validation, Encryption and Forensic Analysis of Multiple Systems and Administrative Domains Distribute Storage While Optimizing Storewidth: Distribute Massive Pools of Physical RAM (Network Memory) Develop Visual TeraMining Techniques to Mine Petabytes of Data Enable Ultrafast Image Rendering Create for Optical Storage Area Networks (OSANs) Analysis and Modeling Tools OSAN Control and Data Management Protocols Buffering Strategies and Memory Hierarchies for WDM Optical Networks UCSD, UCI, USC, UIC, & NW

Slide 27:Mediation of Information Using XMLAllows Federation of Heterogeneous Databases

Source: Gupta, Marciano, Zaslavsky, & Baru (SDSC)

Slide 28:Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms Linked by Lambda Grids

Integrate Situational Awareness Common Operational Picture Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases Spatial Data Analysis Consequences Assessment Tool Set Source: Panoram Technologies

Slide 29:Lambda Grids will Provide Access to Many e-Science Community Resources

ATLAS LHC Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, Compact Muon Selenoid, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuSLarge Hadron Collider at CERN, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, Compact Muon Selenoid, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS

Slide 30:Peer-to-Peer Computing and StorageIs a Transformational Technology

The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing signifies a revolution in connectivity that will be as profound to the Internet of future as Mosaic was to the Web of the past.� �Patrick Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.

Slide 31:Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with a Planetary Supercomputer

Napster Meets SETI@Home Distributed Computing and Storage Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years Average Speed Ten Gigaflop Average Free Storage 100 GB Planetary Computer Capacity 100,000 TetaFLOP Speed 1 Million TeraByte Storage Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for Mobile Clients

Slide 32:Wireless Internet Puts the Global Grid in Your Hand

802.11b Wireless Interactive Access to: State of Computer Job Status Application Codes gggggggggggg

Slide 33:Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless PDAs

Makes Campus �Transparent� See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries Year- Long �Living Laboratory� Experiment 2001-02 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP PocketPC PDAs Wireless Cards from Symbol, Chips from Intersil Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering Software Developed ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002 Sixth College Will be �Born Wireless� Theme: Culture, Art, and Technology Study Adoption and Discover New Services Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen

Slide 34:ActiveCampus Explorer:PDA Interface

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE Bill Griswold�s ActiveCampus project seeks to engage students in campus life by increasing awareness of what and who is around them using wireless PDA�s and web technology. For example, a student walking up to APM sees this view on her PDA, showing two departments, Math and Computer Science, as well as Computing Services. The student also sees several buddies in the area. (The lists on the right show all her logged-in buddies, as well as nearby labs and so forth.) Seeing a buddy is nearby, she might click on him to send a quick message to arrange for coffee. Or, perhaps being curious about Computer Science, she can click on �CSE�, bringing up the department�s web page [use mouse to mouse over CSE and then click on it].Bill Griswold�s ActiveCampus project seeks to engage students in campus life by increasing awareness of what and who is around them using wireless PDA�s and web technology. For example, a student walking up to APM sees this view on her PDA, showing two departments, Math and Computer Science, as well as Computing Services. The student also sees several buddies in the area. (The lists on the right show all her logged-in buddies, as well as nearby labs and so forth.) Seeing a buddy is nearby, she might click on him to send a quick message to arrange for coffee. Or, perhaps being curious about Computer Science, she can click on �CSE�, bringing up the department�s web page [use mouse to mouse over CSE and then click on it].

Slide 35:ActiveCampus Explorer:PDA Interface

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

Slide 36:New Security Issuesin Mobile and Wireless Networks

Location-based Access Control If Alice Is in Country P, She Can Do X If Alice Is in Country Q, She Can Do Y GPS? Need Tamper-Resistant Hardware� Group-Based or Group-Centric Security How Can One �Speak� As a Group or a Fraction Thereof? Admitting New or Expelling Existing Members Issuing, Re-issuing Credentials Secure Commun. in Constantly Changing Groups Group Needs Common Key: Key Distribution/Agreement Authentication of Membership e.g., Alice Is in This ad Hoc Net Cluster at This Time Source: Gene Tsudik, UCI

Slide 37:Metro Lambda Grid Optical Data Analysis �Living Laboratory�

High Resolution Visualization Facilities Data Analysis Crisis Management Distributed Collaboration Optically Linked Integrate Access Grid Data and Compute PC Clusters AI Data Mining Driven by Data-Intensive Applications Civil Infrastructure Environmental Systems Medical Facilities SDSC SIO UCSD Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks UCSD Healthcare SD Telecom Council

Slide 38:Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic, Geosciences, and Climate Analysis

Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

Slide 39:Putting it All TogetherThe Cal-(IT)2 AutoNet Vision

Autonet Concept Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless, Peer-to-Peer Platform Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control Mobile Autonomous Software Agents Multi-Level State Estimation/Prediction Decentralized Databases Path to Implementation UC Irvine�s Institution of Transportation Studies UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = Wireless SensorNet ZEVNET �Living Laboratory� 50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications Source: Will Recker, UCI

Slide 40:Experimenting with the FutureVideo Cams, Fiber, Wireless, Robots

Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan Trivedi, UCSD Mobile Interactivity Avatar