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Semester 2, Day 6

Semester 2, Day 6. DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication. Agenda. Study for Quiz Turn in Homework Quiz on Cells Lecture on DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative replication. Study. Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell Eukaryotic Animal Cell Eukaryotic Plant Cell

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Semester 2, Day 6

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  1. Semester 2, Day 6 DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication

  2. Agenda • Study for Quiz • Turn in Homework • Quiz on Cells • Lecture on DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative replication

  3. Study • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell • Eukaryotic Animal Cell • Eukaryotic Plant Cell • You should be able to label all organelles in any type of cell • You should be able to tell me the function of each organelle in a cell

  4. Homework Due • Annotation: Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 • Concept Checks for each Section • Chapter 6 Review • #1, 2, 4-10, 14-17, 19

  5. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Recall: Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) are macromolecules made up of linked monomers called nucleotides • Nucleotides - Sugars we’ll look at: Nitrogenous Base Sugar O O- O- P O For DNA For RNA “un-oxygen” difference of an oxygen Image Source: www.tutorhelpdesk.com

  6. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Nucleotides – Nitrogenous bases we’ll look at: (DNA only) (RNA only) Image Source: www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw

  7. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Chargaff’s Data: A T G C Purine with Pyrimidine Image Source: bio1151.nicerweb.com

  8. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • X-Ray Diffraction: Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51= DOUBLE HELIX Image Source: legacy.hopkinsville.kctcs.edu Image Source: lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com

  9. DNA, RNA, and Proteins Adenine & Thymine pair w/ 2 hydrogen bonds • Watson and Crick Zoom-In Cytosine & Guanine pair w/ 3 hydrogen bonds 2 outside strands of alternating deoxyribose sugars & phosphates Image Source: academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu

  10. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Why is DNA a double helix? Phosphates & sugars are hydrophilic( H2O) Water can enter here Antiparallel strands aid in creating the double helix Twisting shape minimizes where water can get in Space Nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic ( H2O) Space Space Image Source: whitni13.blogspot.com

  11. Image Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg DNA, RNA, & Proteins • RNA Structure (Single Stranded): Uracil, NOT Thymine

  12. DNA, RNA, & Proteins • RNA can fold into itself: Image Source: www.uic.edu

  13. DNA, RNA, & Proteins • 3 Types of RNA: mRNA Image Source: www.yalescientific.org rRNA Image Source: www.sparknotes.com tRNA Image Source: www.wiley.com

  14. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Proteins are essential to life: antibodies, enzymes, hormones, structure, storage, transport, etc. • A macromolecule made of linked monomers called amino acids: • NH2 (amine group) • COOH (carboxylic acid) H H2N C COOH R Side chain different from each of the 20 amino acids Image Source: commons.wikimedia.org

  15. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Proteins: Complex 3D Structure • Primary Structure: order of amino acids in a protein (a.k.a. “polypeptide chain”). • Secondary Structure: coiling or pleating. • Tertiary Structure: coils & pleats attract each other. • Quaternary Structure: multiple proteins grouped together. Image Source: www.contexo.info

  16. Image Source: www.irbbarcelona.org DNA, RNA, and Proteins • Only 20 amino acids, BUT: • Any NUMBER of amino acids • Any ORDER of amino acids Millions of Protein Combinations!

  17. Semiconservative Replication

  18. Problems • A T T C G A T G C C A AA T G G C G A • C C T G C G A T C C A T T C G A G A T • T T A C A T A A G C G C CC T A T C G • A AA T A C G A T T G G C G A A T A T

  19. Reading/Work Time • Packet Work: • Cornell Notes for the following: • Section 11.1 • Section 11.2 • Section 11.3 • Questions: • 11.1: #1-3 • 11.2: #1-3 • 11.3: #1-3 • Chapter 11 Assessment: #1-2, 8-11, 13, 16, 18

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