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Class 2 Continuous Load Path Concepts

Class 2 Continuous Load Path Concepts. Load Paths. Loads must go to “ground” Vertical loads Gravity Uplift Lateral loads Wind Earthquake Flood. Load Paths. Bridge loads Headers Beams Girders Interaction with the ground Shallow – spread, slab, stem wall

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Class 2 Continuous Load Path Concepts

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  1. Class 2Continuous Load Path Concepts

  2. Load Paths • Loads must go to “ground” • Vertical loads • Gravity • Uplift • Lateral loads • Wind • Earthquake • Flood Building Design – Fall 2007

  3. Load Paths • Bridge loads • Headers • Beams • Girders • Interaction with the ground • Shallow – spread, slab, stem wall • Deep – piles, caissons, friction, bearing • Possible failures – slope failure, liquefaction, erosion, excessive moisture Building Design – Fall 2007

  4. Load PathsVertical Building Design – Fall 2007

  5. Deck collapse – gravity failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  6. Foundation gravity failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  7. Uplift failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  8. Uplift column failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  9. Flood Building Design – Fall 2007

  10. Lateral displacement Building Design – Fall 2007

  11. Earthquake Building Design – Fall 2007

  12. Wind Building Design – Fall 2007

  13. Vertical and Lateral paths OK Building Design – Fall 2007

  14. Lateral failure from wind Building Design – Fall 2007

  15. Lateral wind failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  16. Slope failure Building Design – Fall 2007

  17. Masonry piers Building Design – Fall 2007

  18. Beams – carrying loads Building Design – Fall 2007

  19. Headers: bridging loads Building Design – Fall 2007

  20. WTC-7 (Bridging loads failure) • 47 story building • housed city’s OEM • some missile impacts • burned uncontrolled for 8 hours • 7 story electric substation • diesel fuel in building in several tanks Building Design – Fall 2007

  21. Building Design – Fall 2007

  22. WTC 7 - 7th Floor Plan Building Design – Fall 2007

  23. Building Design – Fall 2007

  24. WTC 7 Penthouses start to collapse Building Design – Fall 2007

  25. WTC 7 Interior collapse continues - note the “kink” Building Design – Fall 2007

  26. Building Design – Fall 2007

  27. Building Design – Fall 2007

  28. Load Path Concepts • Materials chosen with sufficient strength • Connections made with sufficient size, strength, and number • Any weak link could be a failure point • Load path requires appropriate soil bearing capacity • Soil must be able to maintain bearing capacity Building Design – Fall 2007

  29. Vertical gravity loads • Creates compression in members • Creates shear in connections • What materials and connections perform well in compression? Building Design – Fall 2007

  30. Vertical gravity loads • Masonry • Concrete • Steel • Wood (of proper size) • Reinforcing steel for masonry and concrete • Bolts Building Design – Fall 2007

  31. Vertical gravity load • Compression failures are most likely…? • Buckling Building Design – Fall 2007

  32. Vertical uplift loads • Creates tension in members • Creates shear or withdrawal in connections • What materials and connections perform well in tension? Building Design – Fall 2007

  33. Vertical uplift loads • Steel • Wood • Bolts or welding for steel • Bolts for wood Building Design – Fall 2007

  34. Lateral loads • Creates compression in wall panels • Creates bending in single members • Creates shear at panel edges • Creates compression in struts between panels or members Building Design – Fall 2007

  35. Homework 1 – Due 9/12/07 • Find and mark the load paths on the 2 attached sketches • Sketch headers, girders or beams as bridging loads • Take the loads into the foundation which is a pile system Name: ____________________________ Building Design – Fall 2007

  36. Building Design – Fall 2007

  37. Building Design – Fall 2007

  38. Pilelayout Building Design – Fall 2007

  39. References • Masonry Structures – text by Drysdale • Design of Wood Structures – text by Breyer • ASCE 7 • ACI 530 • NDS • Class web page Building Design – Fall 2007

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