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الأحماض والقواعد (1) خواص المحاليل المحمضية والقاعدية (2) قياس الأس الهيدروجيني للمحاليل الحمضية

الباب التاسع. الأحماض والقواعد (1) خواص المحاليل المحمضية والقاعدية (2) قياس الأس الهيدروجيني للمحاليل الحمضية. Acids. Have a sour taste. رائحة قابضة حمضية الطعم Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits الفواكهة الحمضية contain citric acid.

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الأحماض والقواعد (1) خواص المحاليل المحمضية والقاعدية (2) قياس الأس الهيدروجيني للمحاليل الحمضية

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  1. الباب التاسع • الأحماض والقواعد • (1) خواص المحاليل المحمضية والقاعدية • (2) قياس الأس الهيدروجيني للمحاليل الحمضية

  2. Acids Have a sour taste. رائحة قابضة حمضية الطعم Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits الفواكهة الحمضية contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas Bases Have a bitter taste. مذلقها لاذع Feel slippery. ملمسه زلق Many soaps contain bases. أغلب الصوابين تحتوي على قواعد

  3. Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH- in water

  4. A Brønsted acid is a proton donor A Brønsted base is a proton acceptor conjugatebase قاعدة مقترنة conjugateacid حمض مقترن base acid

  5. + H H O O [ ] + + - H H H O H O H H H2O (l) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- (1) خواص المحاليل الحمضية والقاعدية Acid-Base Properties of Water Autoionization of water conjugateacid base acid conjugatebase

  6. [H+][OH-] Kc = [H2O] Solution Is [H+] = [OH-] neutral At 250C Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H+] > [OH-] acidic H2O (l) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) [H+] < [OH-] basic The Ion Product of Water [H2O] = constant Kc[H2O] = Kw = [H+][OH-] The ion-product constantثابت الناتج الأيوني (Kw) is the product of the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- ions at a particular temperature. عند درجة حرارة معينة

  7. = [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 Kw 1.3 [H+] What is the concentration of OH- ions in a HCl solution whose hydrogen ion concentration is 1.3 M? Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H+] = 1.3 M = 7.7 x 10-15M

  8. (2) قياس الأس الهيدروجيني للمحاليل الحمضية • pH & pOH pW pH – A Measure of Acidity pH = -log [H+] Solution Is At 250C neutral [H+] = [OH-] [H+] = 1 x 10-7 pH = 7 [H+] > 1 x 10-7 pH < 7 acidic [H+] > [OH-] basic [H+] < [OH-] [H+] < 1 x 10-7 pH > 7

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