1 / 26

Volcanoes:

Explore the main concept of volcanoes and how they form, including the different types of plate boundaries and hot spots. Learn about volcanic hazards and how volcanoes can be monitored for potential eruptions.

ethibault
Download Presentation

Volcanoes:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Volcanoes: Don’t get all steamed about it…

  2. A: Main Concept #3: Any place where heat and “molten material” From deep in the earth reaches the surface of the crust!!! Pyroclastic Flow Vent Lava Lava Flow Magma Chamber Q: What is a Volcano? The basic process of an eruption is listed here: 4. Lava and other super hot material flow out of the volcano and onto the sides 3. When it breaks through the surface, we get a volcanic eruption! 2. Molten material fills up every crack it can find 1. Pressure increases as molten material fills up the “magma chamber”

  3. Where you’ll likely find a Volcano • Convergent plate boundary (large volcanoes) • Divergent plate boundary (small volcanoes) • “Hot spot” (various sizes but can be the biggest by far. This includes SUPERVOLCANOES!!!!)

  4. Volcanoes & Plate Boundaries • Divergent & Convergent Plate Boundaries As the crust goes deeper, it gets melted! As we have learned, hot stuff goes up! If the melted crust (magma) gets to the surface…we get a volcano! You can see that volcanoes are forming where ocean crust dives under other crust

  5. Hot Spots A hot spot is where a large amount of molten material Is trying to push it’s way up to the surface FAR FROM A PLATE BOUNDARY!!! Hawaii is a CLASSIC example of a hot spot We are not sure why they occur… Why do volcanoes form at hot spots? Because there is hot material that wants to move up! Why do hot spots form? Now that’s a good question!

  6. You can identify hot spots in two ways: We can learn a lot from hot spots! Volcanoes in the middle of nowhere (not near a plate boundary) We can see the direction a plate is moving by the line of volcanoes! Older Younger A long line of volcanoes that get older in one direction Plate Boundary You can see that the Pacific plate has changed it’s direction of travel sometime in the past!!! Hot spot

  7. Volcanic Hazards Hey! Where did my car go?!

  8. Volcanic HazardsQuiet Eruptions • Quiet Eruptions: • Lava flows from vents, setting fire and burying everything in its path. • Covers large areas with a thick layer of lava. Great. Now how are we gonna get home?

  9. Volcanic Hazards Quiet Eruptions Fig. 7.23a * Stephen Marshak Teachers, Please don’t mark your students tardy – we have a bus that’s running late.

  10. Mt. Saint Helens

  11. Mt. Saint Helens

  12. Mt. Saint Helens

  13. Mt. Saint Helens

  14. Mt. Saint Helens

  15. The Aftermath You can see stumps that were trees sliced in half by the force of the wind!

  16. Here is an entire forest that was destroyed by the energy released from the volcano! Now we also have a river of hot mud instead of water!

  17. It wasn’t just a small section of forest that was destroyed! The Aftermath

  18. The Aftermath The air was so hot, these trees just started to burn spontaneously!!!

  19. The amount of ash the volcano expelled almost covered this house! Rabaul Caldera on September 19, 1994

  20. The ash can travel 100’s of miles!!! U.S. Clark Air Base, Philippines, about 25 km east of Mount Pinatubo

  21. Pompeii was destroyed by Mt. Vesuvius in Italy The people died before they could run away and their bodies left a body shaped hole in the ash. If you fill in the hole with cement, and then removed the ash, the cement shows the person who died there!

  22. There is volcanic danger in Utah!!! Here is a map showing the areas that are in danger if Yellowstone has a major eruption again!!! What about Yellowstone National Park? There are geysers… There are extinct volcanoes all over Utah And lots of hot springs… There are hot springs all over Utah How do you explain all this if there isn’t hot material under the ground?

  23. Monitoring Volcanoes • Because volcanoes have a lot of energy, we can use instruments to detect that energy to determine when she’s gonna blow! Tilt Meter Seismograph Measures the shaking of the ground If the ground begins to bulge

  24. Volcanic Eruption Indicators • Bulging & Tilt • Increase in Earthquakes • Increase in Temperature from underground water • Out-gassing • Many other indicators… Main Concept #4: We can use indicators to determine if a volcano is likely to erupt

  25. Dormant volcano (basically no molten material at this time) Fig. 7.15abc Notice a bulge forming where the molten material is trying to punch through Potentially active volcano (Magma fills chamber, signs of possible eruption) W. W. Norton Active volcano (Molten material has punched through)

  26. Graphing the energy of a volcano Energy builds up over time Eruption releases most Earthquakes release some Volcanic Eruption Earthquake 2 Earthquake 1

More Related