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Bony Fish

Bony Fish. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Osteichthyes. Class Osteichthyes. “Bony Fish” Skeleton made of bone Thin, flexible scales. Class Osteichthyes. Operculum – a gill cover that protects the gills

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Bony Fish

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  1. Bony Fish Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Osteichthyes

  2. Class Osteichthyes • “Bony Fish” • Skeleton made of bone • Thin, flexible scales

  3. Class Osteichthyes • Operculum – a gill cover that protects the gills • Swim Bladder – a gas-filled sac above the stomach allows for adjustments in buoyancy

  4. Fins

  5. Fins • Upper and lower lobes of Caudal Fin almost always the same size • Fin rays – rigid spines that support a thin membrane

  6. Mouth & Jaws • Mouth of most bony fish is terminal or anterior end • Overall jaw movement is more than that of sharks with teeth that are fused to jaw

  7. Feeding • Most bony fish are carnivores • Well developed teeth used for capture and holding • Roof of mouth, gill rakers, and pharynx may have teeth to help hold

  8. Feeding • Grazers – fish that feed primarily on seaweeds and other plants • Some develop beaks to help scrape off algae or pieces of coral

  9. Feeding • Filter feeders filter plankton through their gills • Tend to be smaller, schooling fish such as herrings, anchovies, and sardines

  10. Internal Anatomy

  11. Digestive System • Digestive System: stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, pyloric caecae • Pyloric caecae – slender tubes that secrete digestive enzymes • Plant eaters = long intestine, Meat eaters = short intestines

  12. Circulatory System • Two chambered heart • Gas exchange occurs in the gills

  13. Gill Irrigation • Gills share a common gill chamber • Mouth opens, operculum closes, and pharynx expands to allow in water and the opposite is true • Fast swimmers just open their mouths

  14. Nervous System • Brain & spinal cord • Olfactory sacs or bulbs located on either side of the head and connected to nostrils (smell) • Taste buds located in mouths or barbels

  15. Vision • Better eyes than chondrichthyes • Fish eyes focus by moving closer or farther away from subject • Many have color vision

  16. Hearing • Presence of inner ears • Chambers similar to the lateral line • Located on either side of the head just behind the brain • Can resonate/amplify sound through swim bladder

  17. Lateral Line • Detects vibrations in water • Small canals filled with sensory cells

  18. Behaviors • Territories – home areas that fish defend against intruders • Most common in crowded environments • Some defend as groups

  19. Behaviors • Schools – well defined groups of fishes • Well coordinated with no leaders • Used a protection by confusion • Increase swimming efficiency • Advantageous in feeding • No single reason and vary species to species

  20. Behavior • Migration – regular mass movements from one place to another • Anadromous fish – live mostly at sea and migrate to freshwater to breed (salmon) • Catadromous fish – breed a sea and live in rivers (eels)

  21. Subclass Dipnoi • “Lungfish” • Jaw fused to brain case • Caudal, dorsal, and anal fin connected • Pectoral fins long and tubular • Air breathing organ attached to esophogus

  22. Subclass Crossopterygii • “Coelacanths” • Cosmoid scale • Two dorsal fins and fleshy paired fins with skeletal elements • Thought to be extinct till found • Sometimes grouped with lungfish in Subclass Sarcopterygii

  23. Subclass Actinopterygii • Ray-finned fishes • Most familiar fish • Have fin rays, swim bladders, and a symmetrically lobed caudal fin

  24. Birds, lizards, turtles, dinosaurs, mammals Lungfish Cartilaginous Fish Lobed-Finned Fish Ray-Finned Fish Jawed Vertebrates

  25. Subclass Actinopterygii Superorder Teleostei Bass Goldfish Guppies Seahorses Sturgeons Tuna Etc. Superorder Holostean Garpikes Bowfins Superorder Chondrostei Freshwater Sturgeon Bichirs Paddlefish Reedfish

  26. Superorder Holostean • Fin arrangements make for more efficient swimmers

  27. Superorder Chondrostei • Lack bone • Sometimes classified with sharks • Though more in common with the telosts

  28. Superorder Telostei • Most prolific class • 96% of all fish • 12 suborders • Symmetrical caudal fin • Spines on fins

  29. Osteoglossmorpha • Order Osteoglossiformes • Order Hiodontiformes

  30. Elopomorpha • Order Elopiformes • Order Albuliformes • Order Notacanthiformes • Order Anguilliformes • Order Saccopharyngiformes

  31. Clupeomorpha • Order Clupeiformes

  32. Ostariophysi • OrderGonorynchiformes • Order Cypriniformes • Order Characiformes • Order Gymnotiformes • Order Silurioformes

  33. Protacanthopterygii • Order Salmoniformes • Order Escociformes • Order Osmeriformes

  34. Stenopterygii • Order Ateleopodiformes • Order Stomiiformes

  35. Cyclosquamata • Order Aulopiformes

  36. Scopelomorpha • Order Myctophiformes

  37. Lampridiomorpha • Order Lampriformes

  38. Polymyxiomorpha • Order Polymixiiformes

  39. Paracanthopterygii • Order Percopsiformes • Order Batrachoidiformes • Order Lophiiformes • Order Gadiformes • Order Ophidiiformes

  40. Acanthopterygii • Order Mugiliformes • Order Atheriniformes • Order Beloniformes • Order Cetomimiformes • Order Cyprinodontiformes • Order Stephanoberyciformes • Order Bericiformes • Order Zeiformes

  41. Acanthopterygii • Order Gobiescociformes • Order Gasterosteiformes • Order Syngnathiformes • Order Synbranchiformes • Order Tetraodontiformes • Order Pleuronectiformes • Order Scorpaeniformes • Order Perciformes - 46% of fish

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