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CuPIDO: Cumulus Photogrammetric, In Situ, and radar Doppler Observations

WCR Group. CuPIDO: Cumulus Photogrammetric, In Situ, and radar Doppler Observations. The UWKA/WCR Role. CuPIDO Preparation meeting. Boulder, CO. April 12, 2006. Rick Damiani, Bart Geerts, and Larry Oolman, UWyo Joe Zehnder, ASU. Contents. UWKA/WCR Objectives Resources

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CuPIDO: Cumulus Photogrammetric, In Situ, and radar Doppler Observations

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  1. WCR Group CuPIDO: Cumulus Photogrammetric, In Situ, and radar Doppler Observations The UWKA/WCR Role CuPIDO Preparation meeting. Boulder, CO. April 12, 2006 • Rick Damiani, Bart Geerts, and Larry Oolman, UWyo • Joe Zehnder, ASU

  2. Contents UWKA/WCR • Objectives • Resources • Expected data analysis • Strategy and Logistics CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  3. Objective I. • Cu radar echo and kinematic structure • Cloud microphysical & thermodynamic structure • Entrainment patterns • Cloud evolution • synergy: photogrammetry + sounding systems Objective II. • Environmental changes during Cu convection • Cu deepening and orographic mesoscale circulations • synergy: photogrammetry+sounding systems+PAM-III network CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  4. Conceptual Model of Cu Growth Dynamics(objective I.) • Pulsating Clouds? • Thermals or plumes? • Time/spatial scale • Rate of rise Plume Bubble (Blyth, 1988) (Scorer, 1957) (Schmidt, 1941) CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  5. Conceptual Model of Cu Growth Dynamics(objective I.) • Major vorticity structures. Vortex-Rings • Role on entrainment • Role of shear? • Cloud base thermodynamics • Undiluted parcels? • In-cloud and environmental thermodynamics • Orographic locking and effects CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  6. How do we Reach the goals? • UWKA platform + in situ probes: • Standard Meteo variables • Cloud Particle Spectrometers (FSSP,1DC,2DC) • LICOR (H2O, CO2) • Radiation Sensors (visible, IR) • Forward looking camera • WCR • Flight Strategies CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  7. WCR specs. CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  8. WCR cloud scanning modes Up/Down profiling mode Vertical Plane Dual-Doppler Horizontal Beam Dual-Doppler CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  9. WCR: Profiling Configurations • Single-Doppler modes: • Side/down mode is achieved using beam 1 from both HBDD and VPDD configurations • Profiling Mode (Up/Down) is achieved by redirecting the HBDD beam 1 upward via mirror plate CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  10. Data Analysis • Process WCR data • Combine in situ and remote sensing • Integrate with ISSF data and profilers/soundings CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  11. 20030719, 19:45UTC Up/Down Profile Mode Density temperature (Tr) and liquid water content (lwc100) gust-probe vertical velocity & 1-s gust vectors • Cloud base thermodynamics (initial stages of cloud formation) • Thermal base convergence and entrainment WCR retrieved vertical velocity & reflectivity CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  12. 20030713, 20:58UTC Up/Down Profile Mode Ice (iwcc) and liquid water content (lwc100) gust-probe vertical velocity & 1-s gust vectors • Convergence and LWC dropindicate ambient air entrainment driven by the circulation. WCR retrieved vertical velocity & reflectivity Flight level CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  13. dBZ 8m/s VPDD 20030826, 18:23UTC • Two counter-rotating vortices are visible in the ascending cloud-top. (Damiani et al., 2005, JAS) CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  14. Potential Entrainment Sites: primary and secondary circulations drive intrusions of ‘dry’ air Conceptual Model of Cu Growth Dynamics CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  15. 20030718, 20:43UTC VPDD • Ambient air intrusion at the base of the thermal • Hydrometeor recycling CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  16. Conceptual Model of Cu Growth Dynamics asymmetric vorticity structures in stronger winds (and shear): tilted vortex rings CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  17. 20030717, 21:42UTC VPDD • Ambient shear effects • Tilted vortex rings? CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  18. Conceptual Model of Cu Growth Dynamics horizontal cross-sections CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  19. HBDD 20030717, 20:50UTC • Vertical vorticity and entrainment patterns • Divergence (thermal top?) CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  20. Conclusions • Flight planning strategy will be based on: • Sought kinematic patterns, vortical structures • Entrainment mechanisms (intrusions) • Soundings’ availability • Thermodynamics and microphysics at different altitudes • Multi-scanning capabilities of the WCR • Lagrangian investigation of rising turrets (evolution) • Horizontal plane kinematics and entrainment • Cloud evolution CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  21. Flight Plan 60 Flight hrs: 15 IOPs • Forecast: convection onset time • Forecast: LCL, LFC, NBL, Cloud-top • Wind direction/ Shear Direction/ Vertical Profile in the layer of observations • Take-off before cu-convection (7am-1pm LT) • Circle (20 min~30-40km f): GPS-routed loop • Cloud base transects: UD, SD, SS • Climb and Scan mid levels: UD, SS, DD (possibly DPDD) • Over the top: DD, SS • Post-Cu investigation CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  22. CBL Air-stream AssessmentSub-Cloud Layer Characterization • f~20-40km~ 20 min • FL: 1000’ AGL, LCL, detrainment level ~18kft MSL (also objective II.) • Synergy: Ground Stations + Soundings • Dt~10 min • FL: LCL-1000’ Pusch Ridge Wilderness CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  23. cumuli modifying the environment (objective II.) • difference between upstream and downstream environment • also: fixed-level Cu mapping and HBDD CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  24. Cu penetration patterns: summary CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  25. Pre-Cu-Convection Assessment • Document: CBL air-stream channeled by the complex terrain, feeding the cloud development. • If the WCR signal is marginal in the clear CBL, the in situ thermodynamic and kinematic information will be important in describing first cumulus development. • Synergy: PAM stations/ Tower/ GAOS-Soundings CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  26. 1000’ shear/ mean wind 300’ Cu Initial Phases: Cloud Base Investigation • Transects at cloud base: LCL+1000’ climb View A UD SS climb • Tot time:~ 6-10min depending on development (if turret grows climb to next phase) SD climb SD UD climb SS A CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  27. Cu Initial Phases: Cloud Base Investigation • Document: changes in echo,vertical velocity structure, as well as in buoyancy, water loading, and entrainment characteristics. • The UWKA will also document changes in the environment as the cumulus detrains and eventually collapses, leaving behind a mixture of CBL and ambient air. • Synergy: cameras/LCL-forecast/GAOS-Sounding CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  28. DD SS Cu Mid-Stages: Kinematics & Entrainment • Alternate passes: SS/DD,DPDD • Along or Across-wind direction wind/shear DD/DPDD • Tot time:~ 10-20min depending on development (if turret grows climb to next phase) CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  29. Cu Mid-Stages: Kinematics and Microphysics • Adiabatic cores? • Droplet spectrum evolution • Recirculation of drizzle or ice particles • Secondary ice multiplication processes • Document: • towers’ growth • entrainment at mid levels; • pulsating nature; • structure of thermals; • verticalvorticity; • Synergy: cameras/wind profilers CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  30. Environmental Changes at mid-stages • Closed patterns at fixed MSL altitude, long (~40km) legs directed along the wind wind/shear • When: strong prevailing wind and multiple cloud (cluster) • Tot time:~ 20-30min each CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  31. DD SS Cu Advanced Stages: Cloud Top wind/shear DD/DPDD • Alternate passes: DD,DPDD/SS • Along or Across-wind direction • Let the top outclimb the ACSS CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  32. Cu Advanced-Stages: cloud-top mechanics • Document: • Vorticity structures and entrainment near cloud outer boundaries • Synergy: cameras/wind profilers • The UWKA/WCR will sample Cu evolution at various levels in the cloud, until over-development starts CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  33. Cu Post-Stages • UWKA will investigate detrainment stages by circling around the mountain range and possibly descending to low levels to repeat circumnavigation, in order to sample both the convective outflow and the generation of new inflow. This pattern will also keep the UWKA at distance from electric activity which is focused over the mountain peaks. • The sequence then can be repeated, with cloud transects as soon as the new inflow engenders cumulus development. • Synergy: cameras/PAMs/Forecast CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

  34. flight operations • operations base: Tucson Int’l • 60 research flt hours, ~15 IOPs • normal time window: 7 am – 1 pm MST (UTC-7) • tentative take-off time decided after the 3 pm daily weather briefing • update on T/O decision after 6 am weather update (using the 5 am (12 Z) Tucson sounding) CuPIDO meeting, Boulder, CO

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